Integration of hepatitis B vaccination into national immunisation programmes

Damme, Pierre Van; Kane, Mark; Meheus, A

doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7086.1033

Cited by 141 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, without a complementary infant vaccination strategy, chronic HBV infection that occurs in infancy or early childhood, which accounts for 10% to 15% of all chronic infections in Canada, will not be prevented (45). To strengthen immunization programs in Canada, some jurisdictions (including British Columbia, New Brunswick, the Northwest Territories, Prince Edward Island and the Yukon Territory) have undertaken a universal program which combines infant and preadolescent vaccination (42,46,47).…”

Section: Prevention Of Nosocomial Transmission Of Hbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Hepatitis B in Canada

Zhang¹,

Zou²,

Giulivi³

2001

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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OBJECTIVE: To provide a current and comprehensive review of the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Canada. DATA SOURCES: Published and unpublished epidemiological studies and surveillance reports of the past decade, primarily from Canada were studied. Fifty reports addressing HBV surveillance, incidence and prevalence, transmission-associated risk factors, co-infections, and prevention strategies were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: HBV infection is an important vaccine-preventable infectious disease in Canada. The incidence rate of clinically recognized, acute HBV infection in 1998/1999 was estimated to be 2.3/100,000 people or approximately 700 cases a year. The prevalence of HBV carriers is estimated to be 0.5% to 1.0% of the population, but varies substantially according to population-specific risk factors. Most acute HBV infections are associated with injection drug use or high risk heterosexual activities, but 20% to 30% of acute cases did not report any identified risk factors. Surveillance activities such as the National Notifiable Disease Reporting system provide information regarding trends and risk factors. The primary preventive strategy for HBV consists of universal immunization for preadolescents and/or infants. Other strategies, such as the universal prenatal screening and postnatal immunization, and the prevention of nosocomial acquistion, are also important. The recently described hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) escape mutants may not be detected by current HBsAg test assays, and the existing HBV vaccines may not protect vaccinees from infections by such mutants. CONCLUSION: Ongoing surveillance and research are required to assess risk factors for HBV transmission, evaluate the effectiveness of immunization programs and monitor the impact of HBsAg escape mutants. SOURCES DES DONNÉES :Études épidémiologiques publiées et non publiées et rapports épidémiologiques des dix dernières années principalement au Canada. Cinquante rapports sur l'épidémiologie du HBV, son incidence et sa prévalence, les facteurs de risque de sa transmission, les co-infections et les stratégies de prévention ont été passés en revue. SYNTHÈSE DES DONNÉES : L'infection au HBV est une importante maladie infectieuse qu'il est possible de prévenir au moyen d'un vaccin. Au Canada, l'incidence de l'infection aiguë au HBV cliniquement reconnue en 1998-1999 a été estimé à 2,3/100 000 personnes ou à approximativement 700 cas par année. La prévalence des porteurs du HBV se situerait à 0,5 -1 % dans la population, avec une variation substantielle selon les facteurs de risque. La plupart des infections au HBV aiguës sont associées à l'utilisation de drogues par injection ou à des activités hétérosexuelles à haut risque, mais dans 20 à 30 % des cas aigus aucun facteur de risque n'a clairement pu être identifié. Les mesures épidémiologiques comme le système de maladies à déclaration obligatoire offrent des renseignements sur les tendances ou les facteurs de risque. La principale stratégie préventive contre le HBV est l'immunisation ...

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Section: Prevention Of Nosocomial Transmission Of Hbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Hepatitis B in Canada

Zhang¹,

Zou²,

Giulivi³

2001

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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“…1,8 Thus, inclusion of the vaccine against HBV in the universal vaccination program has been recommended among the strategies for controlling the infection. [9][10][11] In the United States of America and some European countries, prevention of perinatal transmission by screening for HBsAg in all pregnant women with a history of hepatitis B has also been recommended. These screening programs would allow the timely administration of a vaccine in newborns born to seropositive mothers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B in pregnant women in Mexico

Vázquez-Martínez¹,

Coreño-Juárez²,

Montaño-Estrada³

et al. 2003

Salud pública Méx

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ResumenObjetivo. Determinar la seroprevalencia de hepatitis B en mujeres embarazadas de varias regiones de México e investigar factores de riesgo asociados. Material y métodos. Durante el periodo de mayo-agosto del año 2000 se realizó un estudio transversal en 9 992 mujeres embarazadas, con acceso a seguridad social (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social) en cinco ciudades de México: Tijuana, Ciudad Juárez, Acapulco, Cancún y Distrito Federal (zona noreste y sureste). Resultados. La prevalencia global para casos confirmados fue de 1.65% (165/9 992). Para las ciudades de estudio fue: 1.27% en Tijuana, 1.46% en Ciudad Juárez, 2.47% en Acapulco, 0.93% en Cancún, 1.2% en el noreste del Distrito Federal, y 2.52% en el sureste del Distrito Federal. Los factores de riesgo identificados fueron: edad, edad de inicio de vida sexual, ciudad (Acapulco y región sureste del Distrito Federal) y estado civil (solteras-divorciadas). Conclusiones. La prevalencia de antígeno de superficie del virus de la hepatitis B (HBsAg, por sus siglas en inglés) en embarazadas (1.65%) es mayor a la reportada en investigaciones previas y muestra diferencias geográficas. Esta prevalencia elevada indica un número considerable de casos de hepatitis B ocasionados por vía perinatal y de portadores en nuestra población. Se debe considerar la vacunación en recién nacidos de mujeres embarazadas con alto riesgo. El texto completo en inglés de este artículo también está disponible en: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html The overall prevalence for confirmed cases was 1.65% (165/ 9 992). The prevalences for individual cities were as follows: Tijuana, 1.27%; Ciudad Juarez, 1.46%; Acapulco, 2.47%; Cancun, 0.93%; northeastern Mexico City, 1.20%, and southeastern Mexico City, 2.52%. The risk factors found to be associated with HBsAg were: age, age at first sexual intercourse, city (Acapulco and southeastern Mexico City), and marital status (single or divorced). Conclusions. The prevalence of HBsAg in pregnant women (1.65%) was greater than that reported in previous studies and showed geographical differences. This high prevalence suggests that a considerable amount of cases of hepatitis B occurs perinatally and through contact with carriers in the general population. Vaccination of newborns of high-risk pregnant women should be considered. The English version of this paper is available too at:

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“…The hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier rate in India is estimated at 4.7%, and HBV carrier load between 37.5 and 42.5 million. 4 In a study conducted by WHO, it was found that in the year 2006 alone, there was 2472 cases of Diphtheria, 2587cases of tetanus, and 22 616 cases of Pertussis. 5 The estimated annual incidence of Hib infection in Indian children (age <5 y) is 50-60 per 100 000 of which 7.6% infected are infants (<1 y of age).…”

Section: Scope and Needmentioning

confidence: 99%