Integration of High-Resolution Laser Displacement Sensors and 3D Printing for Structural Health Monitoring

Abstract

This paper presents a novel experimental design for complex structural health monitoring (SHM) studies achieved by integrating 3D printing technologies, high-resolution laser displacement sensors, and multiscale entropy SHM theory. A seven-story structure with a variety of composite bracing systems was constructed using a dual-material 3D printer. A wireless Bluetooth vibration speaker was used to excite the ground floor of the structure, and high-resolution laser displacement sensors (1-μm resolution) were used to monitor the displacement history on different floors. Our results showed that the multiscale entropy SHM method could detect damage on the 3D-printed structures. The results of this study demonstrate that integrating 3D printing technologies and high-resolution laser displacement sensors enables the design of cheap, fast processing, complex, small-scale civil structures for future SHM studies. The novel experimental design proposed in this study provides a suitable platform for investigating the validity and sensitivity of SHM in different composite structures and damage conditions for real life applications in the future.

The State of the Art of Artificial Intelligence Approaches and New Technologies in Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges

“…As it is becoming more crucial as a decision maker, AI is becoming increasingly capable of processing enormous volumes of complicated data in a very short period. With the advent of new software and advances in AI, the system will be able to discern this need on its own and take over quality monitoring of the parts [154][155][156]. Using artificial intelligence, 3D printer technology can definitely help to fix many parts of bridges in the coming years in a better way.…”

3D- Printed Modular SPR Platform Integrated with Ellipsometer for In-situ Label-free Optical Sensing Applications

“…The commercially purchased device or any relevant components of the experimental set-up for the instrumentation are quite costly, and sometimes, time-consuming techniques or expensive materials are required. The 3D (threedimensional) printing technologies have recently become feasible for manufacturing complex components and structures [31]. Additive manufacturing or 3D printing technologies enable the design and fabrication of intricate geometric objects and an economical method of constructing complicated objects for research and biomedical applications.…”

Inducing Damage Diagnosis Capabilities in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites by Magnetoelastic Sensor Integration via 3D Printing

“…On the other hand, several custom-built sensors designed to monitor structures for damage diagnosis purposes, have been proposed over the recent years, for instance [17][18][19][20][21][22]. Such sensors are mostly designed to be patched onto the structure, so that the sensing element such as, fiber bragg gratings [18,19], magnetoelastic strips [21], and PZT impedance [22] or MFC (macro-fiber composite) transducers [23] to name but a few, could measure specific dynamic properties of the structure under vibration.…”

“…In general, 3D printing procedures have been used for the sensor's construction [17] or the integration of the necessary circuitry/devices in order to facilitate operation of laser displacement sensors [20] or MFC sensors/transducers [23]. In other words, the 3D printing process has very often served as a means of facilitating the sensor's construction process, or it's mounting onto a given structure and its effective operation, but it has rarely been used for manufacturing a structure with a sensing element integrated within.…”