Integration of magneto-optical garnet films by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition

Stadler, Bethanie J. H.; Vaccaro, K.; Yip, Pearl W.; Lorenzo, J.P.; Li, Yiqun; Cherif, Mondher

doi:10.1109/20.999132

Cited by 41 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…CeYIG is a candidate material for magnetooptical devices in the near IR. (CeYIG films [4,5,[69][70][71] differ from STF in having an in-plane easy axis. )…”

Section: E Optical and Magnetic Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetism and Faraday Rotation in Oxygen-Deficient Polycrystalline and Single-Crystal Iron-Substituted Strontium Titanate

et al. 2017

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Both polycrystalline and single-crystal films of iron-substituted strontium titanate, SrðTi 0.65 Fe 0.35 ÞO 3−δ , prepared by pulsed laser deposition, show room-temperature magnetism and Faraday rotation, with the polycrystalline films exhibiting higher saturation magnetization and Faraday rotation. The magnetic properties vary with the oxygen pressure at which the films are grown, showing a maximum at pressures of approximately 4 μ Torr at which the unit-cell volume is largest. The results are discussed in terms of the oxygen stoichiometry and corresponding Fe valence states, the structure and strain state, and the presence of small-volume fractions of metallic Fe in single-crystal films grown at the optimum deposition pressure. Integration of magneto-optical polycrystalline films on an optical-waveguide device demonstrates a nonreciprocal phase shift.

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“…CeYIG is a candidate material for magnetooptical devices in the near IR. (CeYIG films [4,5,[69][70][71] differ from STF in having an in-plane easy axis. )…”

Section: E Optical and Magnetic Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetism and Faraday Rotation in Oxygen-Deficient Polycrystalline and Single-Crystal Iron-Substituted Strontium Titanate

et al. 2017

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Doping Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 (YIG) with Ce has been found to significantly enhance the near infrared Faraday rotation and magneto-optical figure of merit (FoM) of this material, 3,6-8 making it highly promising for nonreciprocal photonic 9 device applications, such as optical isolators and circulators. 1,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] The magneto-optical properties of Ce:YIG thin films are strongly dependent on the partial pressure of oxygen during fabrication, which is attributed to the variation of Ce 3þ and Ce 4þ populations.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…First principles calculation on the magnetic, optical properties and oxygen vacancy effect of Ce x Y 32x Fe 5 We report a first principles study on the magnetic and optical properties of Ce substituted yttrium iron garnet (Ce x Y 3Àx Fe 5 O 12 ) (Ce:YIG) (x ¼ 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0). Using density functional theory with Hubbard-U corrections, we demonstrate that Ce 3þ -Fe 3þ (tetrahedral) charge transfer is the dominating mechanism of enhanced near infrared absorption in Ce:YIG.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

First principles calculation on the magnetic, optical properties and oxygen vacancy effect of CexY3−xFe5O12

Liang

Xie

Deng

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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We report a first principles study on the magnetic and optical properties of Ce substituted yttrium iron garnet (CexY3−xFe5O12) (Ce:YIG) (x = 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0). Using density functional theory with Hubbard-U corrections, we demonstrate that Ce3+-Fe3+(tetrahedral) charge transfer is the dominating mechanism of enhanced near infrared absorption in Ce:YIG. In particular, oxygen vacancies are found to be able to stabilize Ce3+ from converting to Ce4+, at the same time reduce two neighboring Fe3+ to Fe2+ which occupy both the octahedral and tetrahedral sites. The formation enthalpy of Ce4+-Fe2+ state is strongly dependent on the distance from the Ce ion to the oxygen vacancy, which is closely related to the local lattice distortion around the Ce ion. This result provides theoretical insight for developing high figure of merit magneto-optical materials for nonreciprocal photonic applications.

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“…Epitaxial MgO buffer layers, as thin as 4.5 nm, grown upon the surface of GaAs have been demonstrated to adequately protect GaAs and preserve the integrity of a quantum well at temperatures in excess of 800 • C [13]. It has further been demonstrated that high-quality YIG and CeYIG [14] may be grown upon MgO and hence it is anticipated that the use of a MgO buffer layer may provide protection for the semiconductor surface should it prove necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi-Phase Matching Magneto-Optical Waveguides

Hutchings

Holmes

2011

MRS Proc.

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Photonic integration has proved remarkably successful in combining multiple optical devices onto a single chip with the benefits of added functionality, and reduction in costs, arising from the replacement of manual assembly and alignment of individual components with lithographic techniques. However, the incorporation of optical isolators and related non-reciprocal devices within standard optoelectronic wafer platforms is exceptionally challenging. Preferred magneto-optic materials cannot be exploited as waveguide core layers on semiconductor wafers due to a lower refractive index. Another difficulty is the phase velocity mismatch as a consequence of the inherent structural birefringence associated with waveguide geometries.Our approach to the integration of an optical isolator with a III-V semiconductor laser involves combining a nonreciprocal mode converter with a reciprocal mode converter, based on an asymmetric profiled rib waveguide, fabricated by Reactive Ion Etching. We demonstrate that suitably tapered waveguides can be employed to connect the mode converter to other sections thereby avoiding problems caused by mode-matching and reflections from the section interfaces.The nonreciprocal mode converter is formed from a continuation of the III-V semiconductor waveguide core with a magneto-optic upper cladding so that Faraday rotation occurs through the interaction of the evanescent tail. The phase velocity mismatch due to the waveguide birefringence is overcome using a quasi-phase-matching approach. Lithography is used to pattern the top cladding so that the film immediately on top of the waveguide core alternates between magnetooptic and a non-magneto-optic dielectric of a similar refractive index. Our first demonstrations used a dielectric (silica or silicon nitride) patterned by etching, or lift-off, on top of a GaAs rib waveguide, over which was deposited a magneto-optic film. This film was deposited by sputtering from a Ce:YIG target and demonstrated magnetic hysteresis, but, as it was not annealed, it was believed to consist of Ce:YIG and/or gamma iron oxide microcrystallites embedded in an amorphous matrix. With quasi-phase-matching periods of 110-160 µm and a waveguide length of 8 mm, we were able to demonstrate up to 12% non-reciprocal TE-to TM-mode conversion around a wavelength of 1.3 µm using the remanent magnetisation.In order to enhance the magneto-optic effect it is desirable to anneal such films. However the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients results in a catastrophic failure of samples with large area film coverage. This problem has been shown to be alleviated by patterning the YIG film. Unfortunately wet-etching of YIG also etches (Al)GaAs and, therefore, the development of a lift-off process for YIG deposition has been undertaken. Initial results are promising with ∼100 µm×2.5 µm YIG sections deposited on a GaAs layer which remain intact after an anneal in an oxygen atmosphere. Figure 1: Block diagram of an optical isolator, comprising reciprocal and nonreciprocal polaris...

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Integration of magneto-optical garnet films by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition

Cited by 41 publications

References 5 publications

Magnetism and Faraday Rotation in Oxygen-Deficient Polycrystalline and Single-Crystal Iron-Substituted Strontium Titanate

Magnetism and Faraday Rotation in Oxygen-Deficient Polycrystalline and Single-Crystal Iron-Substituted Strontium Titanate

First principles calculation on the magnetic, optical properties and oxygen vacancy effect of CexY3−xFe5O12

Quasi-Phase Matching Magneto-Optical Waveguides

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