Integration of optical fibre sensors by material extrusion 3-D printing – The effect of bottom interlayer thickness

Wang, Shaoquan; Lasn, Kaspar

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110914

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The effect of different infills is analyzed in several studies [22], [27], [35], [36], [40], where the mechanical and thermal properties of the sensor are shown to vary according to infill density and geometry. Embedding the fiber during the 3D printing process is preferable to gluing it in a second moment or on the external surface, since the embedding process ensures a consistent bond between the surfaces and yields a better measurement accuracy [41], [42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional-Printed Sensing Samples Embedding Fiber Bragg Gratings: Metrological Evaluation of Different Sample Materials and Fiber Coatings

Paloschi

Polimadei

Korganbayev

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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Embedding optical fibers with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors in 3D-printed samples can effectively facilitate the systematic use of smart materials in many fields such as civil, biomedical and soft robotics applications. The aim of the study is to analyze different combinations of filament materials and FBG coatings, and to assess their metrological characteristics. Eighteen samples are fabricated and tested under different mechanical and thermal conditions. The repeated tests allow to perform an evaluation of the measurement repeatability for each sample, along with an analysis of the samples sensitivity. The filaments employed are acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The fiber coatings are acrylate, Ormocer® and polyimide. The fiber coating has no significative influence on the performance of the sensors. The tests for temperature sensitivity highlight a good performance of ABS (116 pm/°C) and TPU samples (32 pm/°C) up to 60 °C, whereas the fabricated PLA samples (139 pm/°C for polyimide, 55 pm/°C for acrylate, 14 pm/°C for Ormocer®) cannot be used above 40 °C. The tests for strain sensitivity in axial elongation show an average sensitivity of 3.049 nm/mm for ABS, 1.991 nm/mm for PLA, 3.726 nm/mm for TPU. The bending tests show that all specimens materials have different sensitivity to elongation (2.994 nm/mm for ABS, 0.668 nm/mm for PLA, 0.149 nm/mm for TPU). Only for acrylate in PLA samples an effective difference for bending sensitivity resulted (1.241 nm/mm for the acrylate coating vs 2.366 nm/mm for the other coatings).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional-Printed Sensing Samples Embedding Fiber Bragg Gratings: Metrological Evaluation of Different Sample Materials and Fiber Coatings

Paloschi

Polimadei

Korganbayev

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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“…The main objective was to evaluate the applicability of this technology for monitoring the development of internal swelling pathologies in the massive ODOBA concrete blocks. It is worth noting that semi-distributed optical fiber strain sensor [ 14 , 15 , 16 ] and DOFS have already proven their effectiveness for the health monitoring of large concrete structures under service conditions (such as bridges, tunnels, dikes, etc.) [ 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Technology to the Detection and Monitoring of Internal Swelling Pathologies in Massive Concrete Blocks

Alj

Quiertant

Khadour

et al. 2022

Sensors

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This paper presents an experimental application of Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors (DOFS) for the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of concrete structures affected by internal swelling pathologies. In the framework of a large research project aiming to assess the possible extension of the operating lifetime of nuclear power plants from 40 to 60 years, massive blocks were cast from reactive concrete mixtures intended to develop delayed ettringite formation and alkali–silica reaction. These blocks were subjected to specific ageing conditions to initiate and accelerate the concrete pathologies. Some of the blocks were instrumented with DOFS bonded to the surface and embedded in the concrete. Using an interrogator device based on Rayleigh backscattering and a suitable procedure to eliminate temperature effects, distributed strain measurements were then performed at different time intervals. The first results of this ongoing study made it possible to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this sensing technology for detecting and monitoring expansion induced by swelling pathologies in representative-scale concrete structures.

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“…As shown, there is extensive work on the interference between damage and GUW whereas the influence of integrated sensors is hardly addressed. In contrast to discrete sensors, the integration of optical fiber sensors [ 26 ] and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors [ 27 , 28 , 29 ] is extensively investigated in the literature. However, due to their geometry, the influence of FBG on wave propagation is assumed to be negligible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of a Flat Polyimide Inlay on the Propagation of Guided Ultrasonic Waves in a Narrow GFRP-Specimen

et al. 2022

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Structural health monitoring systems for composite laminates using guided ultrasonic waves become more versatile with the structural integration of sensors. However, the data generated within these sensors have to be transmitted from the laminate to the outside, where polyimide-based printed circuit boards play a major role. This study investigates, to what extent integrated polyimide inlays with applied sensor bodies influence the guided ultrasonic wave propagation in glass fiber-reinforced polymer specimens. For reasons of resource efficiency, narrow specimens are used. Numerical simulations of a damping-free specimen indicate reflections of the S0-mode at the integrated inlay. This is validated experimentally with an air-coupled ultrasonic technique and a 3D laser Doppler vibrometry measurement. The experimental data are evaluated with a method including temporal and spatial continuous wavelet transformations to clearly identify periodically occurring wave packages as edge reflections and distinguish them from possible inlay reflections. However, even when separating in-plane and out-of-plane movements using the 3D measurement, no reflections at the inlays are detected. This leads to the conclusion that polyimide inlays are well suited as substrates for printed circuit boards integrated into fiber-reinforced polymer structures for structural health monitoring, since they do not significantly influence the wave propagation.

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Integration of optical fibre sensors by material extrusion 3-D printing – The effect of bottom interlayer thickness

Cited by 9 publications

References 43 publications

Three-Dimensional-Printed Sensing Samples Embedding Fiber Bragg Gratings: Metrological Evaluation of Different Sample Materials and Fiber Coatings

Three-Dimensional-Printed Sensing Samples Embedding Fiber Bragg Gratings: Metrological Evaluation of Different Sample Materials and Fiber Coatings

Application of Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Technology to the Detection and Monitoring of Internal Swelling Pathologies in Massive Concrete Blocks

Influence of a Flat Polyimide Inlay on the Propagation of Guided Ultrasonic Waves in a Narrow GFRP-Specimen

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