Integration of soybean pod development and monocarpic senescence

Noodén, Larry D.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1984.tb00382.x

Cited by 75 publications

(66 citation statements)

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“…Foliar cytokinin activity determined by bioassay declines before the pods exert their lethal effect on leaves (16,19). While cytokinin deficiency does not appear to trigger leaf senescence in soybean (19), the above observations suggest that a decline in foliar cytokinin level may sensitize the leaf to the action of a senescence signal from the seed.…”

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confidence: 82%

“…The senescence of soybean explants, comprising one leaf, associated pods, and subtending stem, closely resembles that ofintact plants and this senescence is delayed markedly by cytokinin supplied in the transpiration stream (6,18). Foliar cytokinin activity determined by bioassay declines before the pods exert their lethal effect on leaves (16,19). While cytokinin deficiency does not appear to trigger leaf senescence in soybean (19), the above observations suggest that a decline in foliar cytokinin level may sensitize the leaf to the action of a senescence signal from the seed.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cytokinin Biochemistry in Relation to Leaf Senescence

Singh¹,

Letham²,

Jameson³

et al. 1988

Plant Physiol.

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When VHjdihydrozeatin riboside and I3Hizeatin riboside were supplied to soybean (Glycine max L.) explants (comprising one leaf, associated pods, and subtending stem) via the xylem at mid to late podfill, 0.1% of the supplied 3H was extracted from the seeds. The distribution of 3H in the explants was similar to that bound previously following uptake of 13Hlzeatin riboside at earlier stages of pod development. Metabolites formed in the explants from 3H-labeled zeatin, zeatin riboside, and dihydrozeatin riboside were identified and related to the endogenous cytokinins shown to be present. When zeatin riboside and zeatin were supplied for 1 hour, zeatin nucleotide was the principal metabolite formed and this appeared to be the precursor of the other metabolites detected subsequently. Explants supplied with zeatin riboside or dihydrozeatin riboside for 1 hour, and then transferred to water for 20 to 24 hours, yielded leaf blades in which the main metabolites were O-glucosyldihydrozeatin, adenosine, and adenine. The metabolism of zeatin riboside in blades of explants at pre-podfill, early podfill, and mid to late podfill did not differ appreciably. The results are discussed in relation to leaf senescence and seed development.Onset of monocarpic leaf senescence (20)

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Cytokinin Biochemistry in Relation to Leaf Senescence

Singh¹,

Letham²,

Jameson³

et al. 1988

Plant Physiol.

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“…Quando não ocorre o declínio de clorofila e seus derivados nos cotilédones, o qual nas observações de Noodén (1984) sofre a interferência das condições ambientais durante a fase de maturação, podem surgir sementes esverdeadas que apresentam menor longevidade.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Portanto, as mudanças na pigmentação durante a maturação das sementes podem estar ligadas ao processo de amarelecimento na senescência foliar, que compreende um número de alterações fisiológicas e bioquímicas (Thomas e Smart, 1993). Entretanto, o processo bioquímico não é bem conhecido e, devido ao desenvolvimento de vagens e a senescência foliar estar proximamente entrelaçados, muitas vezes, torna-se difícil separá-los (Noodén, 1984). A degradação de clorofila está ligada a um uso forçado de todos os componentes do processo de senescência, tais como, degradação de proteína, mudanças na atividade de enzimas e nos padrões de izoenzimas (Thomas e Stoddart, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Sementes esverdeadas em soja: testes alternativos para determinar a sua qualidade

Fátima¹,

Peske²,

Takeda³

et al. 2007

Rev. bras. sementes

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RESUMO -A comercialização antecipada de soja é uma realidade em Mato Grosso. Isso implica na necessidade de testes rápidos, confiáveis e que permitam minimizar riscos futuros, principalmente, quando existe um agente complicador a armazenabilidade, como é o caso de sementes com retenção de clorofila. Mudanças associadas à deterioração com conseqüente perda de vigor e viabilidade são observadas nesse tipo de semente, fazendo-se necessário o conhecimento da localização e abrangência dos pontos deteriorativos. Objetivando avaliar testes que sejam factíveis e tenham potencial de determinar a qualidade de sementes esverdeadas, foi realizado este estudo. FMTTucunaré, ciclo semi-precoce, e EMGOPA 313, FMT-Arara Azul e M-SOY 9350, ciclo tardio, que apresentavam 25,7%, 26,8%, 22,6% e 15,6%, respectivamente, de sementes esverdeadas, foram as cultivares estudadas. Para cada cultivar foi utilizada uma amostra testemunha, isenta de pigmento verde. Cada amostra constituiu um tratamento. A qualidade foi avaliada em duas épocas (inicial, maio/2001 e final, novembro/2001), através dos testes de germinação, tetrazólio, emergência em areia, envelhecimento acelerado (24 horas e 48 horas), utilizando tetrazólio em substituição à germinação, e massa seca de plântulas. No teste de tetrazólio, a subclasse DU 4-5 indica a deterioração por umidade, como principal problema fisiológico evolutivo e o tetrazólio, em substituição à germinação no teste de envelhecimento acelerado, 24 horas, pode avaliar o risco do potencial fisiológico do lote com sementes esverdeadas, na época inicial de armazenagem.Termos para indexação: Glycine max, deterioração, clorofila, vigor. GREEN SOYBEAN SEED: ALTERNATIVE TESTS TO DETERMINE SEED QUALITYABSTRACT -The anticipation of the commercialization of soybean seed in the state of Mato Grosso is a reality. This implies the need for reliable quick testing methods for seed quality evaluation, which will minimize and present future risks in commercialization, mainly when there is a complicating factor during storage, such as the case with seed that has chlorophyll retention. Changes associated with deterioration, and the consequent loss of vigor and germination are noticeable in this type of seed, and as a consequence there is the need to know the location and extension of these deteriorative points. Focusing on the objective of evaluating with feasible tests, that have the potential to determine the green seed quality, this study was carried out using: FMT-Tucunare, an early maturing cycle, cultivar 'EMGOPA 313', 'FMT-Arara Azul', and 'M-Soy 9350', with late maturing cycles, which presented 25,7%, 26,8%, 22,6% and 15,6% green seed, respectively. As a control, within each cultivar, there was a lot without green pigmentation, and a new lot with each treatment. The quality of the seed was evaluated in two periods (initial, may/2001 and final, November/2001) using the tests of germination, tetrazolium, emergence in sand, accelerated aging (24 hours and 48 hours), using tetrazolium to replace germination, plus seedling d...

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“…2), it is our hypothesis that this mutation is likely to affect CAB protein rather than Chl degradation. We further note that to date no gene related to Chl degradation has been identified in the chloroplast genome, whereas recently a plastidic ATP-dependent protease that had one subunit encoded in the plastid genome and a second subunit encoded in the nucleus was identified (6 (13). These earlier observations (13) now converge with the results reported here for the stay-green lines which show selective blockage of components of the senescence process and strengthen the hypothesis that senescence is a set of parallel, coordinated events, which are not obligatorily interconnected, rather than a single chain of changes (13).…”

Section: How Does Cytg Act?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Mutations Affecting Chlorophyll and Chlorophyll-Binding Proteins during Senescence in Soybean

et al. 1991

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Soybean plants (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv Clark) carrying nuclear and cytoplasmic "stay-green" mutations, which affect senescence, were examined. Normally, the levels of chlorophyll (ChI) a and b decline during seedfill and the Chi a/b ratio decreases during late pod development in cv Clark. Plants homozygous for both the di and d2 recessive alleles, at two different nuclear loci, respectively, retained most (64%) of their Chi a and b and exhibited no change in their Chi a/b ratio. Combination of G (a dominant nuclear allele in a third locus causing only the seed coat to stay green during senescence) with did2 further inhibited the loss of Chi in the leaf. Whereas the thylakoid proteins seem to be degraded in normal Clark leaves during late pod development, they were not substantially diminished in did2 and Gd1d2 leaves. In plants carrying a cytoplasmic mutation, cytG, Chi declined in parallel with normal cv Clark; however, the cytG leaves had a much higher level of Chi b, and somewhat more Chi a, remaining at abscission, enough to color the leaves green. In cytG, most thylakoid proteins were degraded, but the Chi a/bbinding polypeptides of the light-harvesting complex in photosystem 11 (LHCII), and their associated Chi a and b molecules, were not. Thus, the combination of d1 and d2 causes broad preservation of the thylakoid proteins, whereas cytG appears to selectively preserve LHCII. The cytG mutation may be useful in elucidating the sequence of events involved in the degradation of LHCII proteins and their associated pigments during senescence.

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Integration of soybean pod development and monocarpic senescence

Abstract: Nooden, L, D. 1984. Integration of soybean pod development and monocarpic senescence. -Physiol. Plant. 62: 273-284.

Cited by 75 publications

References 69 publications

Cytokinin Biochemistry in Relation to Leaf Senescence

Cytokinin Biochemistry in Relation to Leaf Senescence

Sementes esverdeadas em soja: testes alternativos para determinar a sua qualidade

Characterization of Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Mutations Affecting Chlorophyll and Chlorophyll-Binding Proteins during Senescence in Soybean

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