Integrative Biology of Diabetic Retinal Disease: Lessons from Diabetic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Diabetic retinal disease (DRD) remains the most common cause of vision loss in adults of working age. Progress on the development of new therapies for DRD has been limited by the complexity of the human eye, which constrains the utility of traditional research techniques, including animal and tissue culture models—a problem shared by those in the field of kidney disease research. By contrast, significant progress in the study of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has resulted from the successful employment of systems biology approaches. Systems biology is widely used to comprehensively understand complex human diseases through the unbiased integration of genetic, environmental, and phenotypic aspects of the disease with the functional and structural manifestations of the disease. The application of a systems biology approach to DRD may help to clarify the molecular basis of the disease and its progression. Acquiring this type of information might enable the development of personalized treatment approaches, with the goal of discovering new therapies targeted to an individual’s specific DRD pathophysiology and phenotype. Furthermore, recent efforts have revealed shared and distinct pathways and molecular targets of DRD and DKD, highlighting the complex pathophysiology of these diseases and raising the possibility of therapeutics beneficial to both organs. The objective of this review is to survey the current understanding of DRD pathophysiology and to demonstrate the investigative approaches currently applied to DKD that could promote a more thorough understanding of the structure, function, and progression of DRD.

Dynamics of the State of the Eye Fundus of a Patient with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and End-Stage Chronic Renal Failure after Hemodialysis (Clinical Case)

“…Пролиферативная диабетическая ретинопатия (ПДР) и хроническая почечная недостаточность (ХПН) являются следствием наиболее характерных микрососудистых осложнений сахарного диабета, определяющим инвалидизацию и увеличивающим вероятность летального исхода для пациента [1,2]. ХПН требует проведения гемодиализа (ГД), частота которого в развитых странах составляет 0,13-0,15 % [3].…”

Status and Trends of the Association Between Diabetic Nephropathy and Diabetic Retinopathy From 2000 to 2021: Bibliometric and Visual Analysis

“…Additionally, Zhuang et al demonstrated that stage of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) were associated with the stage of DR and diabetic macular edema development ( Zhuang et al, 2019 ). Finally, vascular abnormalities in DR are predictors of impaired renal function and microalbuminuria is an accurate biomarker of DR progression ( Pan et al, 2021 ).…”

Regulatory role of miRNA‑23a in diabetic retinopathy

“…Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) that is usually caused by hyperglycemia-induced leakage of the retinal capillary wall ( 1 ). Diabetes can cause various physiological and pathological changes to eye structure and function, including cataracts, glaucoma and optic nerve atrophy ( 2 ). Pathophysiological changes in the retina are important causes of visual function loss in DM patients ( 3 ).…”