Intellectual functioning of childhood leukemia survivors - relation to Tau protein - a marker of white matter injury

Neurocognitive outcomes in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated on contemporary treatment protocols: A systematic review

“…(Von der Weid,2001; Langer et al,2002; Hill et al,2004; Spiegler et al,2006; Mahone et al,2007; Aukema et al,2009; Kadan-Lottick et al,2009; Kadan-Lottick et al,2010; Robinson et al,2010; Daams et al,2012; Krawczuk-Rybak et al,2012; Edelmann et al,2013; Genschaft et al,2013; Krull et al,2013; Lewis et al,2013; Ross et al,2013; Schuitema et al,2013; Edelmann et al,2014; Elalfy et al,2014) There were only 4 longitudinal studies that evaluated survivors’ neurocognitive changes from active treatment to post-treatment survivorship phase. (Kingma et al,2001; Harila et al,2009; Halsey et al,2011; Lewis et al,2013) Most studies focused on a pure sample of survivors who received chemotherapy-only treatment protocols while others included separate populations of ALL survivors who received CRT(Kingma et al,2001; Von der Weid,2001; Langer et al,2002; Spiegler et al,2006; Harila et al,2009; Kadan-Lottick et al,2010; Halsey et al,2011; Krull et al,2011; Daams et al,2012; Krull et al,2013; Schuitema et al,2013; Edelmann et al,2014) or patients of other cancer types.…”

“…(Kingma et al,2001; Harila et al,2009; Halsey et al,2011; Lewis et al,2013) Most studies focused on a pure sample of survivors who received chemotherapy-only treatment protocols while others included separate populations of ALL survivors who received CRT(Kingma et al,2001; Von der Weid,2001; Langer et al,2002; Spiegler et al,2006; Harila et al,2009; Kadan-Lottick et al,2010; Halsey et al,2011; Krull et al,2011; Daams et al,2012; Krull et al,2013; Schuitema et al,2013; Edelmann et al,2014) or patients of other cancer types. (Aukema et al,2009; Kadan-Lottick et al,2010) The majority of the included studies had sample sizes between 10 to 50 subjects,(Kingma et al,2001; Langer et al,2002; Hill et al,2004; Mahone et al,2007; Aukema et al,2009; Harila et al,2009; Daams et al,2012; Krawczuk-Rybak et al,2012; Edelmann et al,2013; Genschaft et al,2013; Schuitema et al,2013; Edelmann et al,2014) with the exception of 4 studies with a larger cohort of more than 100 subjects(Von der Weid,2001; Kadan-Lottick et al,2010; Halsey et al,2011; Krull et al,2013) and 3 studies with less than 10 subjects. (Lewis et al,2012; Lewis et al,2013; Ross et al,2013) Most the studies reported survivors’ mean duration of time since diagnosis, which ranged between 5 and 22 years.…”

“…(Kingma et al,2001; Von der Weid,2001; Langer et al,2002; Hill et al,2004; Spiegler et al,2006; Mahone et al,2007; Aukema et al,2009; Harila et al,2009; Kadan-Lottick et al,2009; Kadan-Lottick et al,2010; Robinson et al,2010; Halsey et al,2011; Daams et al,2012; Krawczuk-Rybak et al,2012; Lewis et al,2012; Edelmann et al,2013; Genschaft et al,2013; Krull et al,2013; Lewis et al,2013; Ross et al,2013; Schuitema et al,2013; Edelmann et al,2014; Elalfy et al,2014) Commonly utilized neurocognitive batteries were the Amsterdam Neuropsychological Test(De Sonneville,1999), an adult or child version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale(Wechsler,1997), Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System(Delis et al,2001) and Woodcock Johnson Tests of Achievement(Woodcock et al,2001). …”

“…(Kingma et al,2001; Hill et al,2004; Aukema et al,2009; Robinson et al,2010; Halsey et al,2011; Daams et al,2012; Edelmann et al,2013; Genschaft et al,2013; Schuitema et al,2013; Edelmann et al,2014; Elalfy et al,2014) Tau protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was quantified in one study as a biomarker of neurotoxicity. (Krawczuk-Rybak et al,2012)…”

Treatment Related Cognitive Impairment in Pediatric Oncology Patients: A Brazilian Experience

“…Data presented in literature through systematic review are inconclusive in this regard [44]. It was noted further that the therapeutic modality which combines intrathecal and systemic chemotherapy as CNS prevention in the treatment of ALL appears to be directly linked to specific cognitive deficits, such as attention and executive functioning, notably working memory, cognitive flexibility and initiation, without direct repercussions for the ovberall intelligence [33,34,45]. Finally, the combination of neurosurgery, systemic chemotherapy and cranial and neuroaxis radiation -adopted in treatment protocols for medulloblastoma, appear to intensify cognitive damage, notably by reducing the speed of information processing and directly impacting intellectual functioning of this clinical subgroup [18,19].…”