“…In the USA, a couple of first generation critical criminologists (Chambliss, 1994(Chambliss, , 1995(Chambliss, , 2000Platt, 1996; but also see Zatz, 1987) started this trend with their concerns about increasingly high levels of African American imprisonment and related police harassment in urban areas. Other scholars have pursued a similar theoretical trajectory in other empirical fields, for example drugs and violence (Chiricos, 1996), presidential rhetoric (Hawdon, 2001), crime expertise (Welch et al, 1997(Welch et al, , 1998 and wilding (Welch et al, 2002).…”