Intelligence and neural efficiency

Neubauer, Aljoscha C.; Fink, Andréas

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.04.001

Cited by 686 publications

(548 citation statements)

References 150 publications

(165 reference statements)

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“…Two distinct mechanisms were proposed to explain the underlying features of CR: neural reserve and neural compensation [Stern et al, 2005]. Neural reserve is thought to be related to brain networks that are less susceptible to deterioration, due to their increased efficiency [Neubauer and Fink, 2009]. These networks may be recruited when individuals are faced with brain pathology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The functional connectome of cognitive reserve

Marques

Moreira

Magalhães

et al. 2016

Human Brain Mapping

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Cognitive Reserve (CR) designates the brain's capacity to actively cope with insults through a more efficient use of its resources/networks. It was proposed in order to explain the discrepancies between the observed cognitive ability and the expected capacity for an individual. Typical proxies of CR include education and Intelligence Quotient but none totally account for the variability of CR and no study has shown if the brain's greater efficiency associated with CR can be measured. We used a validated model to estimate CR from the residual variance in memory and general executive functioning, accounting for both brain anatomical (i.e., gray matter and white matter signal abnormalities volume) and demographic variables (i.e., years of formal education and sex). Functional connectivity (FC) networks and topological properties were explored for associations with CR. Demographic characteristics, mainly accounted by years of formal education, were associated with higher FC, clustering, local efficiency and strength in parietal and occipital regions and greater network transitivity. Higher CR was associated with a greater FC, local efficiency and clustering of occipital regions, strength and centrality of the inferior temporal gyrus and higher global efficiency. Altogether, these findings suggest that education may facilitate the brain's ability to form segregated functional groups, reinforcing the view that higher education level triggers more specialized use of neural processing. Additionally, this study demonstrated for the first time that CR is associated with more efficient processing of information in the human brain and reinforces the existence of a fine balance between segregation and integration. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3310–3322, 2016.. © 2016 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The functional connectome of cognitive reserve

Marques

Moreira

Magalhães

et al. 2016

Human Brain Mapping

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“…A widely used electrophysiological parameter used to compare groups of individual of different intellectual levels is event-related desynchronization (ERD) (Neubauer and Fink, 2009). ERD is understood as a measure of the amount of neural populations involved in performing a cognitive activity, which is higher the more neurons are involved in executing that activity (greater cortical activity).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is interesting to observe that the greatest ERD differences between high IQ children and average IQ children and, also, the only one with statistical significance, was found for the frontal region, with the average IQ group presenting higher ERD values. It is known that the frontal regions are used when the task requires the development of new strategies, planning and monitoring, being more used the harder the task is considered by the individual, as occurs in working memory tasks (Doppelmayr et al, 2005;Neubauer and Fink, 2009;Pfurtscheller et al, 1996). Working memory tasks demand very much of the individual's cognitive system, requiring a great amount of cerebral energy to solve them effectively, especially for individuals with lower intellectual capacity (Kane and Engle, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phenomenon of alpha band desynchronization (ERD) has been extensively studied as an electrophysiological correlation of individual diferences in intelligence (Neubauer and Fink, 2009). It is assumed that the ERD of alpha band activity reflects an increased excitability level of neurons in the involved cortical areas, which may be related, for instance, to an enhanced of energy consumption to solve a cognitive problem (Klimesch, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results indicate that more intelligent individuals need to use fewer resources (energy consumption) to deal with required cognitive demands, that is, they have a greater neural efficiency (Haier et al, 1992). However, the literature highlights the presence of moderator variables of the relationship between intelligence and cortical activation, such as gender, task complexity and cerebral topography (Neubauer and Fink, 2009). Though the neural efficiency phenomenon has been systematically studied in adult samples from European countries and the United States, such studies are almost inexistent in children, especially in Brazil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Event-Related Desynchronizarion (ERD) correlated to Psychometric Intelligence in Brazil: A Neural Efficiency Study Methodology

Mansur‐Alves¹,

Filho²,

Flores-Mendoza³

et al. 2012

RBEB

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The phenomenon of alpha band desynchronization (ERD) has been extensively studied as an electrophysiological correlation of individual intelligence differences. However, in Brazil, there is lack of research regarding the subject. The present study intended to verify the relationship between psychometric intelligence and neural efficiency, using event-related desynchronization, on children with different intellectual levels. Eight clinically healthy male children with an average age of 8.75 years, from the city of Belo Horizonte, participated in the study, divided into one high IQ group and one average IQ group. The children had their intelligence evaluated by psychometric tests and EEGs were collected in two different moments -during rest and while performing cognitive tasks. The results showed that the more intelligent children presented lower percentages of ERD when compared to the average IQ group, for frontal, parietal and temporal regions, though the differences between the groups did not achieve statistical significance. To sum up, this study presented a preliminary evidence of a methodology for neural efficiency studies using event-related desynchronization correlated to the psychometric intelligence tests used in Brazilian children. However, new studies are required to verify the generality of this methodology and the findings of the present study.Keywords Intelligence, Neural efficiency, Electroencephalography, Child. A dessincronização relacionada a evento (DRE) correlacionada à inteligência psicométrica no Brasil: uma metodologia para estudo da eficiência neuronal

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The Neural Basis of Language Faculties

Prat

2012

Handbook of Psychology, Second Edition

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Intelligence and neural efficiency

Cited by 686 publications

References 150 publications

The functional connectome of cognitive reserve

The functional connectome of cognitive reserve

The Event-Related Desynchronizarion (ERD) correlated to Psychometric Intelligence in Brazil: A Neural Efficiency Study Methodology

The Neural Basis of Language Faculties

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