Intelligence-assisted predesign for the sustainable recycling of lithium-ion batteries and beyond

Zheng, Mengting; Salim, Hengky K.; Liu, Tiefeng; Stewart, Rodney Anthony; Lü, Jun; Zhang, Shanqing

doi:10.1039/d1ee01812d

Cited by 76 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…[90] Advanced technologies, such as digital twin systems, artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and machine learning (ML) are flourishing in the engineering field. [17] Ideally, the promotion of high-tech concepts in the battery sector promises high transparency, information sharing, and traceability, sustaining the development of LIBs. [4] In realistic scenarios, various off-line evaluation measures, such as Coulomb counting, open-circuit voltage (OCV), and EIS are used to determine the SOC, SOH, and remaining useful life (RUL) of the batteries.…”

Section: Recycling-oriented Predesign Routementioning

confidence: 99%

“…By accessing the battery's RFID tag, not only the recyclers but also the robots would be able to acquire information about the batteries, such as source, type, experience, and SOH. [17,95] Precise instructions from the digital twin system enable the robots to sort, nondestructively disassemble and separate critical materials from end-oflife LIBs with detailed guidance. [92] With this line, automatic mechanical dismantling enables recyclers to cope with countless waste flows, saving labor and time with considerable efficiency and profitability.…”

Section: Recycling-oriented Predesign Routementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design and Recycling Concepts Based On Battery Lifecyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The background of the floundering recycling market in general lies in the chaotic internal structure and composition, poor lifecycle management, and untraceable battery information. [ 17 ] While previous success stories of lead‐acid batteries have boosted public morale for LIBs, LIBs face a much tougher recycling environment. LIBs are in a disordered state from design and application to recycling, there are no consolidated standards to navigate LIBs from cradle to grave, and the matching supervision is lax.…”

Section: Current Status Of Recycling Libsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospects for managing end‐of‐life lithium‐ion batteries: Present and future

Wang

Ang

et al. 2022

Interdisciplinary Materials

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The accelerating electrification has sparked an explosion in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) consumption. As the lifespan declines, the substantial LIBs will flow into the recycling market and promise to spawn a giant recycling system. Nonetheless, since the lack of unified guiding standard and nontraceability, the recycling of end-of-life LIBs has fallen into the dilemma of low recycling rate, poor recycling efficiency, and insignificant benefits.Herein, tapping into summarizing and analyzing the current status and challenges of recycling LIBs, this outlook provides insights for the future course of full lifecycle management of LIBs, proposing gradient utilization and recycling-target predesign strategy. Further, we acknowledge some recommendations for recycling waste LIBs and anticipate a collaborative effort to advance sustainable and reliable recycling routes.

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Section: Recycling-oriented Predesign Routementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recycling-oriented Predesign Routementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design and Recycling Concepts Based On Battery Lifecyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Status Of Recycling Libsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospects for managing end‐of‐life lithium‐ion batteries: Present and future

Wang

Ang

et al. 2022

Interdisciplinary Materials

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“…[63] Given a careful consideration of failure mechanism discussed above, one can deduce that it is feasible to directly revitalize the electrochemical performance of degraded cathode materials through compositional (Li deficiencies) and structural reparation by employing an applicable regeneration approach. [64][65][66][67] Recently, several innovative direct regeneration strategies, such as solid-state, hydrothermal, eutectic, and electrochemical methods, have been proposed accordingly and applied to degraded cathode materials to restore their electrochemical performance without breaking down the microstructures, which exhibit gigantic potential in solving the forthcoming retired LIBs storm (Figure 4). [68][69][70][71] However, the current development of these direct regeneration techniques is still in infancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Intelligent Regeneration of Cathode Materials for Sustainable Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Jin

Zhang

2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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policies in clean energy industry. [10][11][12] As shown in Figure 1a, it is conservatively estimated that the shipment volume of LIBs in 2025 (439.32 GWh) is nearly doubled compared with that in 2021 (237.44 GWh) and the corresponding global market closes to $106.81 billion, mainly resulting from the great popularization of electric vehicles. In addition, based on market analysis and forecast, the percent of LIBs with lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM) cathode materials is continuously increasing at a high speed (Figure 1b), which will firmly dominate the market for a long time because of their notably technical advantages. [13,14] There is no doubt that the mature LIBs industry really brings a great number of benefits to our life, such as the convenience and cleanliness. [15][16][17] However, as every coin has two sides, some key issues behind the popularized LIBs applications cannot be neglected. Lithium (Li) metal and other transitional metals (TMs) like cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and manganese (Mn) have been consumed in large quantities to manufacture the cathode materials for fulfilling the tremendous production of LIBs. [18][19][20][21] These metallic resources are rare on the earth with high cost and limited geographic distribution. Moreover, the Co and Ni metals are toxic, which are not environmental-friendly and jeopardize to human health. [11,[22][23][24] Therefore, in the back of prosperity of LIBs, we are also facing the emerging resources crisis and seriously secondary environmental pollution problems as long as the massive retired LIBs are present and not appropriately treated in following several years. [25][26][27] To make "Waste-be-Wealth," the effective strategy should be employed to tackle the waste LIBs problems in a green and sustainable way. [28,29] Nowadays, the conventional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical technologies are only two existing industrial approaches in recycling the cathode materials of retired LIBs, which, yet, just focus on the recovery target of rare metallic resources (e.g., Co, Ni, and Li) from faded cathode materials. [30,31] As illustrated in Figure 2, in terms of the pyrometallurgical method, it usually involves the high temperature process to smelt the end-of-life cathode materials, in which the valuable metal elements are sintered into alloy forms after several purification and separation processes. Thus, this process usually needs high energy consumption and will unavoidably Explosively increased market penetration of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles, consumer electronics, and stationary energy storage devices has recently aroused new concerns on nonrenewable metal resources and environmental pollution because of the forthcoming wave of retired popularized LIBs. Recycling the retired LIBs in an environmentally sustainable and cost-effective way thus becomes much urgent and imperative. As a preferable route, the direct regeneration strategy has been innovatively proposed to repair degraded cathode mat...

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Design of Phosphide Anodes Harvesting Superior Sodium Storage: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives

Hao

Shao²,

Yuan

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Sodium (Na) ion batteries (SIBs) are promising in stationary energy storage applications. Research is also afoot to seek suitable electroactive materials for use in SIBs. Recently, phosphides to be used in the anode for Na storage are particularly appealing due to their high specific capacities and low working potentials. The following matters are to deal with their inherent drawbacks of large volume variation and inferior interfacial stability upon Na insertion/ extraction, which is believed to be largely responsible for capacity and cycling decay. Despite striking progress in addressing the above drawbacks, current studies on phosphides remain preliminary. In this review, an in-depth understanding of phosphides regarding Na storage mechanism, capacity assessment, phase change, and reaction types is provided. The effective strategies and the sound designs of phosphides for Na storage are also discussed. Their correlations between electrochemical behavior and chemical/structural characteristics are analyzed, in a bid to sort out the basic ideas for the design of high-performance phosphides that enable high-energy and durable SIBs. Doubtless, the experience and knowledge gained from the research on phosphides are shared, and the strategies are expected to extend the scope beyond phosphides.

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Intelligence-assisted predesign for the sustainable recycling of lithium-ion batteries and beyond

Abstract: The unprecedented consumption of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is underway to meet the needs of modern transportation electrification. Recycling-friendly designs intrinsically facilitate the long-term sustainable utilization of natural resources, reduces the...

Cited by 76 publications

References 95 publications

Prospects for managing end‐of‐life lithium‐ion batteries: Present and future

Prospects for managing end‐of‐life lithium‐ion batteries: Present and future

Advances in Intelligent Regeneration of Cathode Materials for Sustainable Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Design of Phosphide Anodes Harvesting Superior Sodium Storage: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives

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