Intelligent Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Applications: Current Landscape and Future Prospects

Hybrid functionalized coatings on Metallic Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering

“…), polymers and nanoparticles as drug delivery systems (DSS) [14]. In the last few years, the emerging fourth generation of biomaterials have been identified [15][16][17][18][19]. Among them, new materials consisting of biomimetic, or smart, materials [15], often incorporating electroactive biosensors capable of monitoring and manipulating bioelectric cell signals [16], new biodegradable alloys (e.g.…”

Iron‐Chelated Silk Microfibers as a Novel Magneto‐Responsive Architecture for In Situ Aligning Biomaterial Scaffolds

“…To this end, stimuli-responsive biomaterials represent an exciting prospect in scaffold design. [2,[5][6][7][8][9] This subset of biomaterials is distinguished by their capacity to alter their physiochemical properties in response to exogenous variables or events, ultimately accommodating a more dynamically nuanced recapitulation of native tissues as compared to their static counterparts. [5,9] While physiologically inherent factors have been explored as potential endogenous stimuli (e.g., pH, enzymes, small biological molecules, redox potentials), biomaterials that respond to externally generated, easily attenuated stimuli currently hold the greatest translational promise.…”

“…These MNPs are either blended ("doped") into the respective polymers prior to scaffold fabrication, introduced as a coating post-fabrication via covalently bonding to the biomaterial surface, or precipitated out of aqueous metal ion solutions and deposited onto the scaffold during fabrication ("in situ precipitation"). [2,8,[15][16][17][18] For biomedical applications, MNPs are traditionally synthesized from ironbased oxides, particularly magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) or its oxidized form, maghemite (𝛾-Fe 2 O 3 ). [19][20][21] Relative to other metal oxides, ironbased oxides exhibit particularly high magnetic saturation levels (i.e., high magnetic moment per unit volume) that impart significant magneto-responsiveness to functionalized scaffolds with limited increase in metal content.…”

Nano-frictional mechano-reinforcing porous nanowires scaffolds

“…With decades of advancements in materials science, novel approaches are adopted to develop biomaterials. Intelligent biomaterials are used instead of inert materials that were previously used for applications such as tissue engineering [4]. The recent emergence of microfabrication technologies has enabled the development of intelligent biomaterials for biological applications; such biomaterials can self-regulate their properties and functions in response to exogenous stimuli [5].…”