Intelligently designed fly-ash based hybrid composites with very high hardness and Young’s modulus

Chanda, Dipak Kr.; Chowdhury, Subhro Roy; Bhattacharya, Manjima; Mandal, Abhijit; Dey, Nitai; Mukhopadhyay, Anoop Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.10.049

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This is probably due to the layered structure of the snail shell. 69 , 70 In all the snail shell specimens, the ranges of modulus values are E = 65–83 GPa for shells of P. globosa , E = 55–69 GPa for shells of B. costula , and E = 51–53 GPa in the case of shell samples of B. bengalensis . The present results were somehow constant with the nanoindentation for gastropod shells done previously.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Microstructure Analysis and Chemical and Mechanical Characterization of the Shells of Three Freshwater Snails

et al. 2020

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The shells of freshwater snails are discarded as waste, which qualify as biological materials with prospective multiple uses. To substantiate this proposition, an attempt was made to elucidate the physical and chemical properties of the shells of three freshwater snails, namely, Bellamya bengalensis , Pila globosa , and Brotia costula . The shells were prepared for electron microscopy and assessment of the calcium carbonate content, apart from the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and nanoindentation studies. The results indicated that the calcium carbonate content ( y ) of the shells ranged between 87 and 96% of the total weight ( x ) and complied with a power regression equation: y = 0.801 x 1.016 ; R 2 = 0.994; r = +0.998; P < 0.001. Observations through SEM depicted different snail species-specific arrangement patterns of calcium carbonate crystals in the diverse layers of shells. The XRD, FTIR, and EDS observations revealed the dominance of the aragonite form of the calcium carbonate crystal in the microstructures of each snail shell with the occurrence of different shell surface functional groups. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis elucidated the surface textures of shell dust taken from each snail species; in addition, the nanohardness properties indicate the shells as a tough biocomposite exoskeleton. Species-specific variations in the shell morphology, microstructure, and calcium carbonate content were prominent for the three freshwater snails considered for the study. Nonetheless, the physical and chemical properties substantiate that the shells of B. bengalensis , P. globosa , and B. costula qualify as biological materials for sustainable use in various fields including bioremediation, biocatalyst, biomedical applications, and a source of lime. Since the shells of the freshwater snails are discarded as aquaculture waste, subsequent use as a biological material will support the “waste made useful” paradigm in sustainability, both from ecological and economic perspectives.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“… 22 , 88 According to the strength theory of material mechanics, regular interspacing among the nacreous fibers and their vertical pile up helps the biological material in making it highly tensile in bending strength. 68 , 70 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure Analysis and Chemical and Mechanical Characterization of the Shells of Three Freshwater Snails

et al. 2020

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“…8A and B shows the load (P)-depth (h) plots of the all two mussels shells of C. bensoni and L. marginalis at different loads (e.g., 100 mN, 300 mN, 500 mN, and 700 mN). 79 From P-h plots it was evident that the nal depths of penetrations were the maximum and minimum for the shell samples of C. bensoni and L. marginalis respectively. So, from Ph plots, it was expected that nanohardness (H) would be minimum for shell of C. bensoni and maximum for shell of L. marginalis.…”

Section: Nanoindentation and Mechanical Properties Of Biological Matementioning

confidence: 94%

“…This was probably due to layered structures of the mussel shell. 74,79 The arrangement pattern of calcium carbonate crystal plate in horizontal array was common and clear in the FESEM photomicrograph of each mussel shell sample. Perhaps, this layered structure resulted in the load independency of the nanohardness.…”

Section: Nanoindentation and Mechanical Properties Of Biological Matementioning

confidence: 97%

An insight into the structure, composition and hardness of a biological material: the shell of freshwater mussels

et al. 2020

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“…This is due to the coating of layered NCH particles (Fig. 5b) [29]. After treatment of NCH on the Heritage mortar, all the pores were filled with these nanoparticles and these nanoparticles possess layered structures which leads to the increaemnt of the values of Nanohardness and Youngs modulus in NCH treated mortar than the untreated mortar.…”

Section: Nanomechanical Behaviour Of Untreated and Nch Treated Mortarmentioning

confidence: 97%

Synthesis of calcium based nano powders for application in conservation and restoration of heritage mortar

et al. 2020

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In recent years, nano calcium hydroxide (NCH) finds its potential applications in conservation and restoration of heritage structures due to its improved surface treatment. In the present study hexagonal NCH powders were synthesized for surface treatment of heritage mortar. Lime is usually adopted for the conservation of surface treatment due to quick transformation of lime into calcium carbonate. However the incomplete lime carbonation process and reduced penetration depth are the undesired limits for the surface treatment. Present work will report the chemical stability and mechanical behavior before and after surface treatment using this synthesized NCH powder in heritage mortar. For this purpose, morphologically tuned Calcium hydroxide nono powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). For the restoration purpose mortar samples of the heritage building were collected and treated with synthesized NCH powder. The untreated and treated mortar samples were again characterized by XRD, FESEM, EDAX, nano indentation techniques, mercury intrusion porosimetry and thermal expansion coefficient (TEC). The results showed regular hexagonal shaped layered nanoparticles with dimensions about 100-200 nm. These nano particles have pure crystalline features and a high reactivity in terms of the carbonation process. FESEM and EDAX line mapping were performed on the treated mortar sample to evaluate penetration depth and grain adhesion of the nanopowders with treated sample. It was also observed that TEC was decreasing after treatment of synthesized NCH powder which revealed that the mortar under goes shrinkage due to volume decrease of the nano Ca(OH) 2 phase.

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Intelligently designed fly-ash based hybrid composites with very high hardness and Young’s modulus

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Microstructure Analysis and Chemical and Mechanical Characterization of the Shells of Three Freshwater Snails

Microstructure Analysis and Chemical and Mechanical Characterization of the Shells of Three Freshwater Snails

An insight into the structure, composition and hardness of a biological material: the shell of freshwater mussels

Synthesis of calcium based nano powders for application in conservation and restoration of heritage mortar

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