Intense physical training decreases circulating antioxidants and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in vivo

Bergholm, Robert; Mäkimattila, Sari; Valkonen, Miia; Liu, Minglin; Lahdenperä, Sanni; Taskinen, Marja‐Riitta; Sovijärvi, A.; Malmberg, Pekka; Yki‐Järvinen, Hannele

doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(99)00089-1

Cited by 161 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

116

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Indeed, we do not know whether the altered BP and vasomotor autonomic function shown in this study might be in time hazardous to human vessels, contributing to the vascular impairment that has been reported after high-intensity physical training. 33 Finally, it remains to be established whether the enhanced background level of sympathetic activation and reduced vagal activity might represent a condition of greater risk for threshold arrhythmias under the unique circumstances of extremely demanding training and competitions in athletes with an underlying susceptible myocardial substrate. Surprisingly, little attention has been given to functional triggers of arrhythmias in athletes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion From Vagal to Sympathetic Predominance With Strenuous Training in High-Performance World Class Athletes

Iellamo¹,

Legramante²,

Pigozzi³

et al. 2002

Circulation

266

246

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background-Benefits of moderate endurance training include increases in parasympathetic activity and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and a relative decrease in sympathetic tone. However, the effect of very intensive training load on neural cardiovascular regulation is not known. We tested the hypothesis that strenuous endurance training, like in high-performance athletes, would enhance sympathetic activation and reduce vagal inhibition. Methods and Results-We studied the entire Italian junior national team of rowing (nϭ7) at increasing training loads up to 75% and 100% of maximum, the latter Ϸ20 days before the Rowing World Championship. Autoregressive power spectral analysis was used to investigate RR interval and blood pressure (BP) variabilities. BRS was assessed by the sequences method. Increasing training load up to 75% of maximum was associated with a progressive resting bradycardia and increased indexes of cardiac vagal modulation and BRS. However, at 100% training load these effects were reversed, with increases in resting heart rate, diastolic BP, low-frequency RR interval, and BP variabilities and decreases in high-frequency RR variability and BRS. Three athletes later won medals in the World Championship. Conclusions-This study indicates that very intensive endurance training shifted the cardiovascular autonomic modulation from a parasympathetic toward a sympathetic predominance. This finding should be interpreted within the context of the substantial role played by the sympathetic nervous system in increasing cardiovascular performance at peak training. Whether the altered BP and autonomic function shown in this study might be in time hazardous to human cardiovascular system remains to be established.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion From Vagal to Sympathetic Predominance With Strenuous Training in High-Performance World Class Athletes

Iellamo¹,

Legramante²,

Pigozzi³

et al. 2002

Circulation

266

246

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, the absorption of b-carotene present in vegetables is limited by their content of lutein whose bioavailability in vegetables is 5-fold that of b-carotene (42) . During overloaded and/or inhabitual training, the concentrations of plasma b-carotene, which is transiently lowered under normal training conditions, remains low during the phase of recovery (3,26,43) . Moreover, the drop in the concentration of carotenoids with age is steeper when individuals carry out recurrent exercise (44) .…”

Section: Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does physical exercise modify antioxidant requirements?

Margaritis

Rousseau

2008

Nutr. Res. Rev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Physical training is known to induce a biochemical adaptive response which might require an increase in the ingestion and/or the absorption of micronutrients. A question that is still being raised is whether acute or chronic exercise modifies antioxidant requirements. First, the present review brings to light the most crucial studies on the topic. Second, it interprets the established relationships between antioxidant micronutrient intakes and the adaptive response of antioxidant systems. Finally, it exposes the major questions connected with antioxidant micronutrient requirements for athletes. To this effect, the training-load interaction with nutrition is taken into account. As oxidative stress cannot be avoided, the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants can be alleviated to minimise oxidative damage and outcomes. There is growing evidence that one specific antioxidant cannot by itself prevent oxidative stress-induced damage, as direct adverse effects of supplementation are attributed to undesirable synergic effects. Other effects can be supposed that limit the endogenous adaptive effect of training. High doses of antioxidant supplements can minimise the effects of radical oxygen species themselves or generate pro-oxidant effects. Effects are only exhibited when nutritional status is deficient. There are no convincing effects of supplementation in well-trained athletes. Risk/benefit analysis emerges on evidence for an unknown risk of supranutritional intakes, a supposed impairment of adaptive effects and a still unknown long-term risk. Appropriate status can be achieved by a diversified and balanced diet, adapted to specific needs, by awareness of high-density food intakes (avoiding products containing a low density of micronutrients).

show abstract

“…[16][17][18][19][20][21][22] There are no studies that have been conducted until now about molecular effects of short-term low-intensity exercise training, such as ROS and NO production, especially in patients hospitalized with AMI. There are no reports about this kind of study and our study is the first reporting it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[16][17][18] Production of ROS in well-trained patients was lower than in sedentary patients, meanwhile, NO was higher. [19][20][21][22][23] It also had been shown that short-term low-intensity exercise training within 5 days could rapidly elevate internal antioxidants in the diaphragm muscle of rats, accompanied by a reduction in contraction-induced lipid peroxidation or ROS production, but generated high NO consistently. 24 Effect of short-term low-intensity exercise training within 5 days on ROS and NO concentration in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has not been demonstrated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Short-Term Low-Intensity Exercise Training on Association of Oxygen Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide Production in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oxygen, although is highly required for living, can be toxic because it can be easily changed into oxygen free radicals (reactive oxygen species, ROS) and generates oxidative stress. [1][2][3][4][5] This oxidative stress will cause endothelial lesion and will be responded by endothelial cells through nitric oxide (NO) response and immunological response pathway. 6-8 The immunological response begins by increasing cytokines production, activated coagulation factors, and reactivation of platelet in acute thrombotic process. However, acute thrombotic process, which is an initial part of protective mechanism to fix the lesion, often change to become continuous process because of abundance oxidative stress, and then generates various levels of acute coronary syndromes. 3,5 Several studies showed that acute exercise on treadmill test with high intensity Bruce protocol increased oxidative stress because of ROS. 9,10 On the contrary, acute exercise also increased production of NO because of the increment effect of shear stress on endothelial cells. 6,9-15 But, regular exercise Keywords ► acute coronary syndrome ► atherosclerosis ► cardiovascular risk factors ► myocardial infarction ► oxidative stress ► nitric oxide ► cardiac markers ► exercise AbstractModerate-to-high intensity of exercise training within 2 to 3 months decreases oxygen free radicals (reactive oxygen species, ROS) and increases nitric oxide (NO) in outpatients with myocardial infarction. There is no data about the association of ROS and NO after short-term low-intensity exercise training within 5 days in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A total of 32 male patients with AMI were randomized into two groups: 15 patients with short-term low-intensity exercise training within 5 days formed the training group and 17 patients without such exercise training formed the control group. All patients performed exercise treadmill test with modified Bruce protocol before and after the study. F2-isoprostane and NO concentration of the training group increased slightly after modified Bruce exercise treadmill test. Compared with the control group, NO of the training group was also slightly higher. Baseline NO and uric acid were negative predictor variables for F2-isoprostane in all patients hospitalized with AMI, and triglyceride was a positive predictor variable. After the study, physical capacity of the training group was higher; but heart rate and systolic blood pressure were lower significantly. This study showed that short-term low-intensity exercise training for patients hospitalized with AMI did not change ROS and NO productions, but it improved physical capacity and lowered heart rate and systolic blood pressure. NO was negative predictor variable for F2-isoprostane in controlling ROS changes in dynamic compensation mechanism.

show abstract

Intense physical training decreases circulating antioxidants and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in vivo

Cited by 161 publications

References 44 publications

Conversion From Vagal to Sympathetic Predominance With Strenuous Training in High-Performance World Class Athletes

Conversion From Vagal to Sympathetic Predominance With Strenuous Training in High-Performance World Class Athletes

Does physical exercise modify antioxidant requirements?

Effect of Short-Term Low-Intensity Exercise Training on Association of Oxygen Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide Production in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About