Intense solar near‐relativistic electron events at 0.3 AU

Lario, D.; Ho, G. C.; Roelof, E. C.; Anderson, B. J.; Korth, H.

doi:10.1002/jgra.50106

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…An interplanetary shock from the 07:06 UTC SEE passed MESSENGER at about 15:10 UTC followed by its CME at about 17:45 UTC [Lario et al, 2013a]. The LG and BP singles rates (Figure 1b) and the EPS electron-channel fluxes (Figure 1c) all show striking peaks beginning about 15:45 UTC, about 35 min after passage of the shock, that are remarkably similar to the peak in the neutron count rate plotted in Figure 1a.…”

Section: Evidence That Energetic Ions Interacted In Messenger To Prodsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…In section 2, we show that charged-particle detectors on MESSENGER and STEREO A responded to similar SEP particle populations from a solar eruption commencing at 07:06 UTC [Nitta et al, 2013], when the two spacecraft were on nearly the same magnetic field line connected to the flaring region on the Sun [Lario et al, 2013a]. This comparison increased our confidence in the MESSENGER particle measurements, allowing us to demonstrate that the neutron transient at 16 UTC was due to secondary neutrons produced by ion interactions in the spacecraft.…”

Section: 1002/2014ja020663mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These rates also have a peak starting at 15:45 UTC showing that there was a large flux of energetic ions at the time of Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 10.1002/2014JA020663 the neutron transient. In Figure 1c we plot what Lario et al [2013a] identified as the 71-112 keV electron fluxes from EPS. We note that while EPS was designed to detect electrons from 0.025 to 1.0 MeV, its nominal electron-energy channels also respond to >110 keV protons and >1 MeV electrons [Andrews et al, 2007].…”

Section: Energetic Ions Interacting In Messenger Produced the Neutronmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Misidentification of the source of a neutron transient detected by MESSENGER on 4 June 2011

Murphy

Tylka

et al. 2015

JGR Space Physics

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Low‐energy (1–10 MeV) neutrons emanating from the Sun provide unique information about accelerated ions with steep energy spectra that may be produced in weak solar flares. However, observation of these solar neutrons can only be made in the inner heliosphere where measurement is difficult due to high background rates from neutrons produced by energetic ions interacting in the spacecraft. These ions can be from solar energetic particle events or produced in passing shocks associated with fast coronal mass ejections. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance that investigators rule out these secondary neutrons before making claims about detecting neutrons from the Sun. The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) neutron spectrometer recorded an hour‐long neutron transient beginning at 15:45 UTC on 4 June 2011 for which Lawrence et al. (2014) claim there is “strong evidence” that the neutrons were produced by the interaction of ions in the solar atmosphere. We studied this event in detail using data from the MESSENGER neutron spectrometer, gamma ray spectrometer, X‐ray Spectrometer, and Energetic Particle Spectrometer and from the particle spectrometers on STEREO A. We demonstrate that the transient neutrons were secondaries produced by energetic ions, probably accelerated by a passing shock, that interacted in the spacecraft. We also identify significant faults with the authors' arguments in favor of a solar neutron origin for the transient.

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Section: Evidence That Energetic Ions Interacted In Messenger To Prodsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: 1002/2014ja020663mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energetic Ions Interacting In Messenger Produced the Neutronmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Misidentification of the source of a neutron transient detected by MESSENGER on 4 June 2011

Murphy

Tylka

et al. 2015

JGR Space Physics

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“…The impact of the 2012 March 7 solar eruptions in the heliosphere and the geospace was striking. These events generated one of the most intense energetic proton events of 2012 (Kouloumvakos et al 2015), with near-relativistic electrons seen at Mercury's orbit by Messenger (Lario et al 2013). They caused the most intense energetic-particle radiation levels during the cruise of the Mars Science Laboratory to Mars (Zeitlin et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Major Geoeffective Solar Eruptions of 2012 March 7: Comprehensive Sun-to-Earth Analysis

Patsourakos

Georgoulis

Vourlidas

et al. 2016

ApJ

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During the interval 2012 March 7-11 the geospace experienced a barrage of intense space weather phenomena including the second largest geomagnetic storm of solar cycle 24 so far. Significant ultra-low-frequency wave enhancements and relativistic-electron dropouts in the radiation belts, as well as strong energetic-electron injection events in the magnetosphere were observed. These phenomena were ultimately associated with two ultra-fast (>2000 km s −1 ) coronal mass ejections (CMEs), linked to two X-class flares launched on early 2012 March 7. Given that both powerful events originated from solar active region NOAA 11429 and their onsets were separated by less than an hour, the analysis of the two events and the determination of solar causes and geospace effects are rather challenging. Using satellite data from a flotilla of solar, heliospheric and magnetospheric missions a synergistic Sun-to-Earth study of diverse observational solar, interplanetary and magnetospheric data sets was performed. It was found that only the second CME was Earth-directed. Using a novel method, we estimated its near-Sun magnetic field at 13 R e to be in the range [0.01, 0.16] G. Steep radial fall-offs of the near-Sun CME magnetic field are required to match the magnetic fields of the corresponding interplanetary CME (ICME) at 1 AU. Perturbed upstream solar-wind conditions, as resulting from the shock associated with the Earth-directed CME, offer a decent description of its kinematics. The magnetospheric compression caused by the arrival at 1 AU of the shock associated with the ICME was a key factor for radiation-belt dynamics.

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“…Gopalswamy et al (2015) conclude that the CME speed, connectivity of CME nose to Earth, and favorable ambient medium are the key factors that determine whether a SEP event has a GLE component. On the other hand, the conditions of the interplanetary medium during the development of a SEP event play also a role in the observations of elevated SEP intensities (e.g., Lario et al (2013b), Lario & Karelitz(2014)). …”

Section: Solar Cycle 24mentioning

confidence: 99%

Division E Commission 49: Interplanetary Plasma and Heliosphere

Mann¹,

Manoharan²,

Gopalswamy³

et al. 2015

Proc. IAU

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Abstract. After a little more than forty years of work related to the interplanetary plasma and the heliosphere the IAU's Commission 49 was formally discontinued in 2015. The commission started its work when the first spacecraft were launched to measure the solar wind in-situ away from Earth orbit, both inward and outward from 1 AU. It now hands over its activities to a new commission during an era of space research when Voyager 1 measures in-situ the parameters of the local interstellar medium at the edge of the heliosphere. The commission will be succeeded by C.E3 with a similar area of responsibility but with more focused specific tasks that the community intends to address during the coming several years. This report includes a short description of the motivation for this commission and of the historical context. It then describes work from 2012 to 2015 during the present solar cycle 24 that has been the weakest in the space era so far. It gave rise to a large number of studies on solar energetic particles and cosmic rays. Other studies addressed e.g. the variation of the solar wind structure and energetic particle fluxes on long time scales, the detection of dust in the solar wind and the Voyager measurements at the edge of the heliosphere. The research is based on measurements from spacecraft that are at present operational and motivated by the upcoming Solar Probe + and Solar Orbiter missions to explore the vicinity of the Sun. We also report here the progress on new and planned radio instruments and their importance for heliospheric studies. Contributors to this report are

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Intense solar near‐relativistic electron events at 0.3 AU

Cited by 18 publications

References 44 publications

Misidentification of the source of a neutron transient detected by MESSENGER on 4 June 2011

Misidentification of the source of a neutron transient detected by MESSENGER on 4 June 2011

The Major Geoeffective Solar Eruptions of 2012 March 7: Comprehensive Sun-to-Earth Analysis

Division E Commission 49: Interplanetary Plasma and Heliosphere

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