Intensified vegetation water use under acid deposition

Lanning, Matthew; Wang, Lixin; Scanlon, Todd M.; Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A.; Adams, Mary Beth; Epstein, Howard E.; Druckenbrod, Daniel L.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aav5168

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Our results are in line with a prior meta-analysis, which reported a negative relationship between the response of ecosystem aboveground net primary productivity and soil pH (Tian, Wang, et al, 2016). In this study, we also found a negative relationship between the response of leaf transpiration rate and soil pH (Figure 8p), possibly owing to greater reduction in Ca 2+ under lower pH, which can intensify plant water use (Lanning et al, 2019;McLaughlin & Wimmer, 1999).…”

Section: Environmental Moderatorssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…First, N addition would intensify soil acidification, leading to leaching of base cations (e.g., Ca 2+ , K + , and Mg 2+ ; Lucas et al, 2011; Tian & Niu, 2015). Then, reduction in Ca 2+ can affect the regulation of stomatal aperture, preventing stomatal closure and sustaining the transpiration, and thus intensifying plant water use (Lanning et al, 2019). Taken together, our results indicate that the positive effects of N addition on plant photosynthetic C gain might not be lasting in the long term, while the positive effects on plant water consumption seem to become greater if increased levels of N addition persist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Duration Negatively Affected the Responses Of Laimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global response patterns of plant photosynthesis to nitrogen addition: A meta‐analysis

Liang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

186

129

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A mechanistic understanding of plant photosynthetic response is needed to reliably predict changes in terrestrial carbon (C) gain under conditions of chronically elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. Here, using 2,683 observations from 240 journal articles, we conducted a global meta-analysis to reveal effects of N addition on 14 photosynthesis-related traits and affecting moderators. We found that across 320 terrestrial plant species, leaf N was enhanced comparably on mass basis (N mass , +18.4%) and area basis (N area , +14.3%), with no changes in specific leaf area or leaf mass per area. Total leaf area (TLA) was increased significantly, as indicated by the increases in total leaf biomass (+46.5%), leaf area per plant (+29.7%), and leaf area index (LAI, +24.4%). To a lesser extent than for TLA, N addition significantly enhanced leaf photosynthetic rate per area (A area , +12.6%), stomatal conductance (g s , +7.5%), and transpiration rate (E, +10.5%). The responses of A area were positively related with that of g s , with no changes in instantaneous water-use efficiency and only slight increases in long-term water-use efficiency (+2.5%) inferred from 13 C composition. The responses of traits depended on biological, experimental, and environmental moderators. As experimental duration and N load increased, the responses of LAI and A area diminished while that of E increased significantly. The observed patterns of increases in both TLA and E indicate that N deposition will increase the amount of water used by plants. Taken together, N deposition will enhance gross photosynthetic C gain of the terrestrial plants while increasing their water loss to the atmosphere, but the S U PP O RTI N G I N FO R M ATI O N Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section. How to cite this article: Liang X, Zhang T, Lu X, et al. Global response patterns of plant photosynthesis to nitrogen addition: A meta-analysis. Glob Change Biol. 2020;26:3585-3600. https://doi.

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Section: Environmental Moderatorssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Duration Negatively Affected the Responses Of Laimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global response patterns of plant photosynthesis to nitrogen addition: A meta‐analysis

Liang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

186

129

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“…Thus, in addition to greater moisture availability, changing soil biogeochemistry may be partially responsible for rising Δ 13 C (1976-2010), as Ca 2+ deficit prevented stomatal closure and, thus, sustained transpiration. Based on results from a long-term, watershed acidification experiment, Lanning et al (2019) suggested that Ca 2+ leaching altered tree stomatal response and vegetation water use, causing an increase in transpiration that depleted available soil water, as measured at the watershed scale. Examining the regional hydrological cycle in the north-eastern USA (1960-2012), Vadeboncoeur et al (2018) highlighted higher ET in northern watersheds compared with southern ones (i.e.…”

Section: Acid Deposition Stomatal Response and Vegetation Water Usementioning

confidence: 99%

North American temperate conifer (Tsuga canadensis) reveals a complex physiological response to climatic and anthropogenic stressors

et al. 2020

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Rising atmospheric CO 2 (c a) is expected to promote tree growth and lower water loss via changes in leaf gas exchange. However, uncertainties remain if gas-exchange regulation strategies are homeostatic or dynamical in response to increasing c a , as well as evolving climate and pollution inputs. Using a suite of tree ring-based δ 13 C-derived physiological parameters (Δ 13 C, c i , iWUE) and tree growth from a mesic, low elevation stand of canopy-dominant Tsuga canadensis in northeastern USA, we investigated the influence of rising c a , climate and pollution on, and characterised the dynamical regulation strategy of, leaf gas exchange at multidecadal scales. Isotopic and growth time series revealed an evolving physiological response in which the species shifted its leaf gas-exchange strategy dynamically (constant c i ; constant c i /c a ; constant c a − c i) in response to rising c a , moisture availability and site conditions over 111 yr. Tree iWUE plateaued after 1975, driven by greater moisture availability and a changing soil biogeochemistry that may have impaired a stomatal response. Results suggested that trees may exhibit more complex physiological responses to the changing environmental conditions over multidecadal periods, and complicating the parameterisation of Earth system models and the estimation of future carbon sink capacity and water balance in midlatitude forests and elsewhere.

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“…These results on one hand suggest that variations in S dep outweigh changes in N dep and c a . S dep may influence tree water-use directly, by affecting g s 22 or indirectly, by leading to soil acidification, loss of calcium, which play a significant role in controlling g s 39 . On the other hand, they indicate that it is essential to account for changes caused by stand development and management history, if the goal is to disentangle climatic and anthropogenic drivers of change in iWUE.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and atmospheric deposition effects on forest water-use efficiency and nitrogen availability across Britain

Guerrieri

Vanguelova

Pitman

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Rising atmospheric CO 2 (c a) has been shown to increase forest carbon uptake. Yet, whether the c afertilization effect on forests is modulated by changes in sulphur (S dep) and nitrogen (N dep) deposition and how n dep affects ecosystem N availability remains unclear. We explored spatial and temporal (over 30-years) changes in tree-ring δ 13 C-derived intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE), δ 18 O and δ 15 N for four species in twelve forests across climate and atmospheric deposition gradients in Britain. The increase in iWUE was not uniform across sites and species-specific underlying physiological mechanisms reflected the interactions between climate and atmospheric drivers (oak and Scots pine), but also an age effect (Sitka spruce). Most species showed no significant trends for tree-ring δ 15 N, suggesting no changes in N availability. Increase in iWUE was mostly associated with increase in temperature and decrease in moisture conditions across the South-North gradient and over 30-years. However, when excluding Sitka spruce (to account for age or stand development effects), variations in iWUE were significantly associated with changes in c a and S dep. Our data suggest that overall climate had the prevailing effect on changes in iWUE across the investigated sites. Whereas, detection of N dep , S dep and c a signals was partially confounded by structural changes during stand development. The ability of forests to mitigate climate change depends on how well they cope and adapt to the rapid forecasted changes in atmospheric conditions, including pollutant emissions from anthropogenic activities, namely CO 2 , sulphur (S) and reactive nitrogen (N). While sulphur emissions have been successfully regulated in Europe and North America 1 , N compounds, particularly ammonia and nitrous oxide, continue at relatively high levels compared to the pre-industrial period 2-4. These changes in N and S atmospheric concentrations have occurred together with increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration (c a), which recently exceeded 410 ppm 5 , with a relative change of 46% compared to pre-industrial levels. Atmospheric N and S compounds are deposited from the atmosphere onto terrestrial ecosystems and together with the increasing c a can have an effect on some of the processes underpinning forest carbon, water and nutrient cycling. Increases in c a affect leaf gas exchange by increasing photosynthesis (A) and reducing stomatal conductance (g s) 6 , thus raising intrinsic water use efficiency of trees (iWUE = A/g s). Higher iWUE has been commonly reported for conifer compared to broadleaf species 7. Moreover, the increase in iWUE derived from carbon isotope composition (δ 13 C) in tree rings 8 has generally been associated with an active response of trees to increasing c a , whereby intercellular CO 2 (c i) increased in a proportional way to c a , resulting in a constant c i /c a ratio, due to proportional regulation of A and g s 9. However, changes in N (N dep) and S (S dep) deposition can also influence carbon-water relations. Hig...

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Intensified vegetation water use under acid deposition

Cited by 32 publications

References 49 publications

Global response patterns of plant photosynthesis to nitrogen addition: A meta‐analysis

Global response patterns of plant photosynthesis to nitrogen addition: A meta‐analysis

North American temperate conifer (Tsuga canadensis) reveals a complex physiological response to climatic and anthropogenic stressors

Climate and atmospheric deposition effects on forest water-use efficiency and nitrogen availability across Britain

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