Intensity‐Dependent Metasurface with Digitally Reconfigurable Distribution of Nonlinearity

Luo, Zhangjie; Wang, Qiang; Zhang, Xin Ge; Dai, Jun Yan; Zhang, Lei; Wu, Hao; Zhang, Hao Chi; Feng, Hui; Cheng, Qiang; Cui, Tie Jun

doi:10.1002/adom.201900792

Cited by 36 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Compared with various tuning materials that have been studied in terahertz, it is usually to insert positive-intrinsicnegative (PIN)-diodes or varactors to the passive particles for achieving the tunability of metamaterials in microwave. [85][86][87][88] A tunable metamaterial absorber using varactor diodes has been proposed in Ref. 85 and tunability of the proposed absorber has been validated by measurements with bandwidth of 1.5 GHz.…”

Section: Design Of Tunable and Reconfigurable Metamaterials In Micrmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Compared with various tuning materials that have been studied in terahertz, it is usually to insert positive‐intrinsic‐negative (PIN)‐diodes or varactors to the passive particles for achieving the tunability of metamaterials in microwave …”

Section: Tunable and Reconfigurable Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reproduced with permission from Ref. . 2019 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: Tunable and Reconfigurable Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various types of active or tunable materials have been explored in tunable and reconfigurable metamaterials such as transparent conductive oxides, ferroelectrics, liquid crystal, graphene, and phase change materials in terahertz. In microwave frequencies, pin‐diodes, varactors, and other integrated components are utilized to realize the combination of active characters and metamaterials . When these materials are used to design or add in metamaterials, the properties can be changed and tuned by different controlling mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In microwave frequencies, pin-diodes, varactors, and other integrated components are utilized to realize the combination of active characters and metamaterials. [85][86][87][88] When these materials are used to design or add in metamaterials, the properties can be changed and tuned by different controlling mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tunable, reconfigurable, and programmable metamaterials

Bao

Cui

2019

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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Electromagnetic metamaterials have been developing rapidly and attracted worldwide attentions since the concept has been proposed due to their powerful ability in controlling electromagnetic (EM) waves. Active functions and features achieved by tunable or reconfigurable metamaterials are highly desired in the field of science, engineering, and military. With the introduction of digital metamaterials, a bridge between the physical world and the information world is set up. When the digital metamaterials are programmable, they enable the wave‐based information coding and processing on the physical level of metamaterials in real time. In this paper, we will summarize the recent progress on tunable, reconfigurable, and programmable metamaterials. Firstly, we introduce the tunable and reconfigurable metamaterials in terahertz and microwave frequencies. Secondly, we review the functional devices and novel systems by the programmable metamaterials. Finally, we give a brief developing prospect to the programmable metamaterials.

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Section: Design Of Tunable and Reconfigurable Metamaterials In Micrmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Tunable and Reconfigurable Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reproduced with permission from Ref. . 2019 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: Tunable and Reconfigurable Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tunable, reconfigurable, and programmable metamaterials

Bao

Cui

2019

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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Radar Antennas

Li,

Xu,

Han

et al. 2024

Encyclopedia of RF and Microwave Engineering

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The radar antenna plays an important role in the radar system, and the requirement of radar antenna performances and functions is varied with different radar types. The radar antenna forms a highly directive beam in both transmit and receive modes, which achieve accurate angular targets and resolve closely located targets, and this important feature of the radar antennas can be quantitatively expressed in terms of the beamwidth, gain, and sidelobes. Besides, the functions of radar antennas can be classified into beam scanning (search or surveillance target) and target tracking. In the increasingly complex electromagnetic (EM) world, digital coding and programmable metamaterials and metasurfaces have been enabling commercial opportunities with a broad impact on radars and wireless communications. Because the subject of radar antennas is very extensive, in this chapter, only selected types and performances of radar antennas are discussed and then four different antennas (reflector antennas, phased‐array antennas, space‐fed arrays, and metamaterial antennas) are summarized.

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Digital Nonlinear Metasurface with Customizable Nonreciprocity

Luo

Chen

Wang

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Recently, investigation of metasurface has been extended to nonreciprocity through breaking time-reversal symmetry. Among a number of magnetless strategies, nonlinearity is an important nonreciprocal principle amenable to the metasurface. As passive analog-based devices, most of the existing nonlinear nonreciprocal metasurfaces are inherently characterized by the relatively unchangeable performance, sharp frequency response, and hysteresis loops. Here, an analog-digital-analog mechanism is proposed to realize the nonlinear nonreciprocity, which provides a digitally reconfigurable solution for a family of nonreciprocal performance within a shared hardware architecture. This concept is validated by a metasurface prototype with the integration of a digital module at microwave frequencies. Based on the proposed mechanism, the properties can be customized as demanded, ranging from a normal reciprocal response to a variety of nonreciprocal functions, including electromagnetic (EM) diode and EM unidirectional limiting functions, which have been experimentally demonstrated with direction reversibility and threshold tunability. The proposed metasurface is also underpinned by the nonhysteretic performance and wide operating bandwidth, thereby potentially making it an inexpensive and stable candidate for advanced manipulations of EM waves.A normal transparent metasurface, if not particularly designed, is restricted to the time-reversal symmetry. It means that its transmission properties remain the same if the sign of the time variable is flipped. It is equivalent to the "reciprocity," which means that the received-transmitted field ratios are identical when the sources and detectors are exchanged. [14] In other words, the transmission rates experienced by EM waves propagating through the metasurface from opposite sides are identical. Breaking the time-reversal symmetry or reciprocity is significant in some scenarios where transmission asymmetry is in demand. A conventional method for this purpose is to use gyrotropic materials in the presence of a static magnetic field, [15,16] but it is nonamenable to metasurfaces due to the shortcomings like bulky size, large weight, and significant loss of the system. [17] Therefore, a large number of investigations were conducted for magnetless nonreciprocal metasurfaces. Besides the popular timemodulation methods, [17][18][19][20] nonreciprocal metasurfaces were realized by loading artificial subwavelength structures with unidirectional active elements, such as field-effect transistor [21,22] and amplifier, [23,24] which mimicked the Faraday rotation without ferromagnetic materials or magnetic fields. A threelayer surface-circuit-surface configuration integrated with transistor-based amplifiers was proposed to achieve a nonreciprocal metasurface for linear-polarized waves. [25] In addition, a spatially dispersive metasurface was found to be self-biased by transverse momentum of the incident wave front, leading to nonreciprocal phenomena. [26] Apart from the above linear methodologies, ...

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Intensity‐Dependent Metasurface with Digitally Reconfigurable Distribution of Nonlinearity

Cited by 36 publications

References 50 publications

Tunable, reconfigurable, and programmable metamaterials

Tunable, reconfigurable, and programmable metamaterials

Radar Antennas

Digital Nonlinear Metasurface with Customizable Nonreciprocity

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