Intensive beef production. II. Replacement of cereals with ground straw

Kay, M.; Macdearmid, A.; Massie, R.

doi:10.1017/s0003356100028968

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The depression of performance on diet B (Experiment 1) is similar in order of magnitude to that recorded for complete diets including up to 30 % milled straw by Lamming, Swan and Clarke (1966); Raven, Forbes and Irwin (1969) ;, and by Kay, Macdearmid and Massie (1970) for animals in the growth phase over 250 kg live weight. The calculated crude fibre contents of diet B (8-3 % of DM) and diet C (11-9% DM) approximate to an inclusion of 10 and 20% of straw in the diet respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…The calculated crude fibre contents of diet B (8-3 % of DM) and diet C (11-9% DM) approximate to an inclusion of 10 and 20% of straw in the diet respectively. Substantial depressions also occurred when the cattle were lighter than 250 kg live weight (Kay, Macdearmid and MacLeod, 1970;Kay, Macdearmid and Massie, 1970;Broadbent et al, 1971). Substantial depressions also occurred when the cattle were lighter than 250 kg live weight (Kay, Macdearmid and MacLeod, 1970;Kay, Macdearmid and Massie, 1970;Broadbent et al, 1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effects of using rations of reduced energy concentration for intensively reared beef cattle from 250 kg live weight to slaughter

Broadbent¹,

Ball²,

Dodsworth³

1976

Anim. Sci.

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Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0003356100030907How to cite this article: P. J. Broadbent, C. Ball and T. L. Dodsworth (1976). Effects of using rations of reduced energy concentration for intensively reared beef cattle from 250 kg live weight to slaughter. SUMMARY 1. Two experiments are described in which castrated Ayrshire cattle were reared on a conventional all-concentrate diet to 250 kg live weight. In Experiment 1 the effect of feeding a 1 : 1 mixture (by weight) of barley and wet distiller's grains (WDG) from 250 to 408 kg live weight was examined. In Experiment 2 swedes and grass silage were offered in addition to WDG and barley during the growth phase from 250 kg live weight to slaughter. In both experiments a control group was fed an all-concentrate diet. 2. The introduction of WDG to the diet (Experiment 1) caused a significantly lower daily live-weight gain (P<0-01) and an increase in time to slaughter (P<0-01). Carcasses from the control and treated animals were similar in weight, conformation and composition. There were no differences in growth rates in Experiment 2. The treated animals were heavier (P<0-01) and older at slaughter (P< 0-001) than those in the control group and they produced heavier carcasses (P<0-05). The carcasses were similar in composition but some differences in conformation occurred. These effects were the consequence of selecting animals for slaughter on the basis of equal finish (i.e. the ratio of muscle plus fat to bone assessed subjectively). 3. The effect of reducing the dietary energy concentration appears to be smaller with cattle over 250 kg live weight than with younger, lighter cattle. The results, which are discussed in economic terms, suggest that castrated Ayrshire cattle reared on all-concentrate diets should be changed to a diet of lower energy concentration using cheaper feed sources at 250 kg live weight.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of using rations of reduced energy concentration for intensively reared beef cattle from 250 kg live weight to slaughter

Broadbent¹,

Ball²,

Dodsworth³

1976

Anim. Sci.

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“…mainly of cellulose and hemicellulose is the Vodka-, 1961, Shultz, Ralston andShultz, lignin content, in particular the association of 1974;AutreyMcCaskey and Little, 1975). o n ' P^f 1 f°r m o f m a t e " a l s > improve the nutritive value of low-quality add.t.ves, ensiling period and temperature has roughage for ruminants by various processes b e e n u r e P°r t e d b 7 T%u w o !^s such as chemical (Nakashima, 1979), physical £ e a t h e 7°°d ' T M <*hne and Thomas, 1959;(Pritchard, Pigden and Minson, 1962;Minson, Owen 1962;Leatherwood Mochne, Stone 1963;Pickard Swan and Lamming, 1969 f" d Raven, Forbes and Irwin, 1969;Kay, " e " d e r s°n a n d f * 0 "^' , 7 ; P H Z ' Macdearmid and Massie, 1970; McManus ^C ?°n a l d a " d Anderson, 1982;Ford, 1983 to be beneficial since generation of free straw at three concentrations (0, 5 or 10 g/kg sugars for the bacteria could enhance straw on a dry matter (DM) basis). d l^e [ e n t ff m % condition e.g levels of There has been a great deal of effort to c^u l a s e a d d l t !…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen degradation of straw 6. Effect of polysaccharidase enzymes on degradation characteristics of ensiled rice straw

Nakashima¹,

Ørskov²,

Hotten³

et al. 1988

Anim. Sci.

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The effects of three variables; polysaccharidase inclusion level (0, 5 and 10 g/kg), moisture content (500, 600 and 700 g/kg dry matter (DM), and particle size (20, 5 and 2 mm), on the quality and degradation characteristics of ensiled rice straw were investigated. The polysaccharidase product used was shown to contain a broad spectrum of activities against polysaccharides typical of plant material. The major activities present being: mixed link glucanase, xylanase and both endo- and exo-cellulase. The straw treated with polysaccharidase had a lower final pH (5·21, 4·87, 4·82; P < 0·01), higher concentrations of lactic acid (1·98, 3·90, 3·67 g/kg; P < 0·01), a lower content of neutral-detergent fibre (689, 630, 621 g/kg DM; P < 0·01) and a higher solubility, measured as washing losses from nylon bags (152, 196, 212 g/kg DM; P < 0·01) for the 0, 5 and 10 g/kg polysaccharidase treatments respectively. The samples were subsequently incubated in nylon bags in the rumen of three sheep for 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h to estimate degradation rate and potential degradability using the expression p = a + b (1 – e−ct) where p is degradability at time t and a, b and c are constants. While there was no effect of moisture content or physical form of the straw, the degradation rate constant (c) was increased (P < 0·01) by the addition of polysaccharidase. The maximum potential degradability (a + b), however, was not altered by any of the treatments. The values for c were 0·0498, 0·0677 and 0·0817 per h and for (a + b) were 62·4, 62·1 and 62·8 g/100 g DM for the 0, 5 and 10 g/kg polysaccharidase enzyme additions respectively. It is concluded that the use of polysaccharidase enzymes can assist in the preservation of wet straw and can result in improved degradation characteristics.

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“…Rations with a decreasing energy density often result in a more unfavourable energy conversion (K AY et al, 1970 andBouc Q uE et al, 1971a and1972 ;C OTTYN et al, 1973 ;L EVY et al, 1974 andP IRIE and GREEN-HALGH , 1978) …”

Section: -Daily Liveweight Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The regression equation for I and III do not sustain this hypothesis. Comparing these results with the data in Table 2, it becomes clear that there is no uniformity in the literature.Rations with a decreasing energy density often result in a more unfavourable energy conversion (K AY et al, 1970 and Bouc Q uE et al, 1971a and 1972 ; C OTTYN et al, 1973 ; L EVY et al, 1974 and P IRIE and GREEN-HALGH , 1978) while there are trials with opposite results (H ENRICKSON et al, 1965 ;G EAY et al, 1976a, b ; B OUCQUE , 1979) when the range of energy concentration was quite similar. Some authors established no clear effect (G UENTHER et al, 1965 ;SWAN and LAMMING, 1970 ; B OUCQUE et al, 1971b ; P RIOR et al, 1977).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of energy density of diets for intensive bull beef production on intake, growth rate and feed conversion

Boucque¹,

Fiems²,

Moermans³

et al. 1980

Ann. Zootech.

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The impact of the energy concentration (kg SU/kg DM) of ad libitum fed diets, on intake, growth rate and efficiency was investigated with 119 groups loose housed Belgian white-blue store bulls (I), 62 groups of individually tied up Belgian white-blue store bulls (II) and 42 groups of individually tied up Belgian white-red baby-beef bulls (III). We established a negative relationship between the energy density (x) and the dry matter intake (y -g DM/kg Woo 75 ).Within the studied range of energy density (0.53 to 0.89 kg SU/kg DM) the relationship with energy intake (y = g SU/kg Woo 75 ) was positive :The increasing energy intake with higher energy densities (x) resulted in an increasing growth rate (y = g/d) (except for group II) but the correlation was lower :The feed conversion (y = kg SU/kg gain) in function of the energy concentration (x) did not indicate a significant relationship for two of the three groups :Communication No. 428 (CALLOW, 1961 ;H ENRICKSON et al., 1965 ; GA RRIGUS et al., 1969 ;W ALDMAN et al., 1971 ; B OND et al., 1972 ; A NDERSEN , 1975 (G EAY et al., 1976 ; L EVY et al., 1976 ;R OHR and D AENICKE , 1978).This study will not investigate the influence of energy levels, but rather the impact of the ration energy concentration on feed intake, growth rate and feed conversion of fattening bulls. -ExperimentalThe bulls involved with this investigation can be divided in three groups : I: store bulls of the Belgian white-blue (BWB) (1969). ' The impact of the energy concentration on dry matter and net energy intake, growth rate and feed conversion was studied by regression analysis (DRAPER and SMITH, 1966 Our investigation always resulted in a decreasing DM intake (y = g/kg W O . 75 ) (figure 1) with increasing energy concentration (x = kg SU /kg DM).The relationship was respectively :These findings are in accordance with most of the literature data shown in (B OUCQUE et al., 1978). This statement helps to explain the lower r value for group II. -Daily liveweight gainBecause of the positive correlation between the energy concentration and the energy intake, we expect a higher growth rate (y = g/day) with increasing energy concentration. This was confirmed by our investigation (Figure 3), but the correlation coefficients were lower (especially for group II) than those for intake and concentration. The relationship was respectively : This is also in accordance with the data in Table 2, although some investigations (F LACHOWSKY and L 6HNERT , 1977 and F L AC HOW S KY , 1979), with high energetic rations but with a lack of fibrous material, resulted in a growth depression without a decreasing energy intake. L ANARI and S USMEL (1979) found that maize rations with increasing energy concentration clearly improved daily gains of beef breed bulls (r = 0.80), while the increase in daily gain was less evident for dairy breed bulls (r = 0.42), light steers (r = 0.26) and heavy steers (r = 0.67).In the case of store bulls only, there is a clearly better response on energy concentrat...

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Intensive beef production. II. Replacement of cereals with ground straw

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Effects of using rations of reduced energy concentration for intensively reared beef cattle from 250 kg live weight to slaughter

Effects of using rations of reduced energy concentration for intensively reared beef cattle from 250 kg live weight to slaughter

Rumen degradation of straw 6. Effect of polysaccharidase enzymes on degradation characteristics of ensiled rice straw

Effect of energy density of diets for intensive bull beef production on intake, growth rate and feed conversion

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