Inter- and intra-genotype differences in induced cystogenesis of recombinant strains of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from chicken and pigs

Ribeiro-Andrade, Müller; Carvalho, Jéssica de Crasto Souza; Silva, Renato Amorim da; Carvalho, Maria da Conceição; Porto, Wagnner José Nascimento; Mota, Rinaldo Aparecido

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107775

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Along with cumulative mortality rates, the virulence degree has also been evaluated by morbidity, parasite burdens and pathological lesions detected in different tissues (e.g., central nervous system) [ 12 ], and by other nonlethal infection parameters, such as weight loss, anti- T. gondii IgG antibodies and haptoglobin levels in serum, cystogenic capacity, or even animal behavioural changes [ 31 , 45 – 48 ]. Variations in specific virulence features have already been demonstrated among strains presenting different genotypes, as well as within some belonging to the same genetic type determined by RFLP-based methods [ 8 , 31 , 45 , 49 , 50 ]. As in the case of the use of laboratory mice for virulence evaluation in a standardized manner (reviewed in [ 16 ]) to obtain comparable results, the use of archetypal strains long-term maintained under laboratory conditions is accepted but not representative of the vast biological diversity of the Toxoplasma population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo and in vitro models show unexpected degrees of virulence among Toxoplasma gondii type II and III isolates from sheep

Fernández‐Escobar

Calero‐Bernal

Regidor‐Cerrillo

et al. 2021

Vet Res

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Toxoplasma gondii is an important zoonotic agent with high genetic diversity, complex epidemiology, and variable clinical outcomes in animals and humans. In veterinary medicine, this apicomplexan parasite is considered one of the main infectious agents responsible for reproductive failure in small ruminants worldwide. The aim of this study was to phenotypically characterize 10 Spanish T. gondii isolates recently obtained from sheep in a normalized mouse model and in an ovine trophoblast cell line (AH-1) as infection target cells. The panel of isolates met selection criteria regarding such parameters as genetic diversity [types II (ToxoDB #1 and #3) and III (#2)], geographical location, and sample of origin (aborted foetal brain tissues or adult sheep myocardium). Evaluations of in vivo mortality, morbidity, parasite burden and histopathology were performed. Important variations between isolates were observed, although all isolates were classified as “nonvirulent” (< 30% cumulative mortality). The isolates TgShSp16 (#3) and TgShSp24 (#2) presented higher degrees of virulence. Significant differences were found in terms of in vitro invasion rates and tachyzoite yield at 72 h post-inoculation (hpi) between TgShSp1 and TgShSp24 isolates, which exhibited the lowest and highest rates, respectively. The study of the CS3, ROP18 and ROP5 loci allelic profiles revealed only type III alleles in ToxoDB #2 isolates and type II alleles in the #1 and #3 isolates included. We concluded that there are relevant intra- and inter-genotype virulence differences in Spanish T. gondii isolates, which could not be inferred by genetic characterization using currently described molecular markers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo and in vitro models show unexpected degrees of virulence among Toxoplasma gondii type II and III isolates from sheep

Fernández‐Escobar

Calero‐Bernal

Regidor‐Cerrillo

et al. 2021

Vet Res

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“…In addition, the remaining 44 B1positive samples were amplified at only 3-5 loci, so have limited significance to reveal the level of genetic variation of T. gondii. To date, although different genotypes of T. gondii have been reported in domestic avian species worldwide (e.g., ToxoDB#2, 9, 10, 26,53,114,225,227,278,281,282) (19,(48)(49)(50)(51)(52), ToxoDB#9 is the prominent genotype in domestic poultry in China, and has been also frequently reported in other animals in China (53). A previous study (19) indicated that only one genotype (ToxoDB#9) was identified from domestic ducks, suggesting that the genetic variation of T. gondii may be relatively low in domestic ducks in China.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Domestic Ducks in Hunan Province, China

Zheng

Yang

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are protozoan parasites that infect warm-blooded animals, and cause major economic losses in livestock industries worldwide. However, little is known about the genotypes of T. gondii and N. caninum in domestic ducks in China. Herein, brain samples from 588 domestic ducks from Hunan province in China were examined for the presence of T. gondii and N. caninum. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect T. gondii B1 gene and N. caninum NC-5 gene. Forty-five DNA samples (7.7%; 95% CI: 5.5–9.9) were positive for B1 gene, and two (0.3%; 95% CI: 0–0.7) were positive for NC-5 gene. The risk factors significantly associated with T. gondii infection were age and sex. The 45 samples positive for T. gondii were genotyped using multi-locus PCR-RFLP analysis and only one sample was fully genotyped as ToxoDB#9 (Chinese I). These results provide new information about the epidemiology of T. gondii and N. caninum in ducks in Hunan province in China. The data also highlight the importance of a “One Health” approach to dealing with toxoplasmosis.

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“…The virulence of T. gondii isolates has been classically determined via the cumulative mortality rates in murine models, although recent studies on genetic and phenotypic variability of isolates have questioned this classification [ 16 , 41 , 42 ]. On the other hand, in vitro infection assays on immortalized or primary cell lines from rodents and humans have been relevant tools for the analysis of the phenotypic variability of T. gondii isolates [ 43 ], although only a few studies have used ruminant cells [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ovine Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Infection by Recently Isolated Toxoplasma gondii Strains Showing Different Phenotypic Traits

Vallejo

Benavides

Arteche-Villasol

et al. 2022

Animals

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Ovine toxoplasmosis is one the most relevant reproductive diseases in sheep. The genetic variability among different Toxoplasma gondii isolates is known to be related to different degrees of virulence in mice and humans, but little is known regarding its potential effects in sheep. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of genetic variability (types II (ToxoDB #1 and #3) and III (#2)) of six recently isolated strains that showed different phenotypic traits both in a normalized mouse model and in ovine trophoblasts, in ovine monocyte-derived macrophages and the subsequent transcript expression of cytokines and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase). The type III isolate (TgShSp24) showed the highest rate of internalization, followed by the type II clonal isolate (TgShSp2), while the type II PRU isolates (TgShSp1, TgShSp3, TgShSp11 and TgShSp16) showed the lowest rates. The type II PRU strains, isolated from abortions, exhibited higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS than those obtained from the myocardium of chronically infected sheep (type II PRU strains and type III), which had higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The present results show the existence of significant intra- and inter-genotypic differences in the parasite-macrophage relationship that need to be confirmed in in vivo experiments.

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Inter- and intra-genotype differences in induced cystogenesis of recombinant strains of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from chicken and pigs

Cited by 10 publications

References 59 publications

In vivo and in vitro models show unexpected degrees of virulence among Toxoplasma gondii type II and III isolates from sheep

In vivo and in vitro models show unexpected degrees of virulence among Toxoplasma gondii type II and III isolates from sheep

Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Domestic Ducks in Hunan Province, China

Effects of Ovine Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Infection by Recently Isolated Toxoplasma gondii Strains Showing Different Phenotypic Traits

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