Inter-reserve distance

Shafer, Craig L.

doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(01)00025-8

Cited by 53 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…However, the persistence of communities depends on both environmental factors and external threats. Many agents, such as exotic species, weather, geological phenomena, global warming and habitat destruction or degradation, can increase the risk of simultaneous degradation of sites that are located close together (Cabeza and Moilanen 2001;Shafer 2001). In fact, species often persist at the edges of their historical distributions even when populations at the core are extirpated (Channell and Lomolino 2000a, b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic Assessment of Present Protected Areas in Japan for Representativeness of Forest Communities

Kamei

Nakagoshi

2006

Biodivers Conserv

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Most assessments of present protected areas have focused on which features are or are not represented and to what extent, but they have not considered the environmental gradients and the geographic context within each biodiversity feature under a conservation network. We examined how protected areas are distributed with respect to the distribution of six forest community types. Three analyses were applied to the dataset in the Red Data Book of Plant Communities in Japan and the related survey: (1) recursive partitioning was used to contrast environmental factors of conserved communities with nonconserved communities; (2) point pattern analysis, based on Ripley's K function, was used to describe the spatial pattern of conserved communities; and (3) the spatial scan statistic was used to detect spatial representation gaps. Overall, environmental bias was greatest in relation to soil and topography. However, the results of point pattern analysis showed that the spatial pattern of conserved communities did not depend entirely on the distribution of environmental factors. Four types of gaps in spatial representation were detected by the spatial scan statistic, irrespective of environmental bias. These results showed that although a community type might be well protected in total or along the environmental gradients, conserved communities might not capture the full range of geographic context. To ensure appropriate representation or protection, it is important that conservation planning for protected areas take into account both the environmental gradients and the geographic context within each biodiversity feature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic Assessment of Present Protected Areas in Japan for Representativeness of Forest Communities

Kamei

Nakagoshi

2006

Biodivers Conserv

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“…Gusset et al, 2008. This is one of the benefits of spreading risk across several isolated populations (Shafer, 2001).…”

Section: Other Factors Influencing Survival and Population Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Demography and Dynamics of an Expanding, Managed African Wild Dog Metapopulation

Davies‐Mostert¹,

Mills²,

Macdonald³

2015

African Journal of Wildlife Research

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Long-term demographic data are central for the evaluation of endangered species recovery plans. We present the demography and dynamics of a managed African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) metapopulation in South Africa, based on life histories of 553 individually known animals collected between 1998 and 2006. This metapopulation, distributed across nine sites (and not including Kruger National Park), was established through reintroductions (n = 9 events) and maintained by periodic augmentation (n = 10 events) and translocation (n = 20 events). In total, 66 founders were used to establish subpopulations and mean founder group size was 9.6 animals. The metapopulation grew from 17 individuals in 1998 to a peak of 202 in 2005. Mean annual population density was 3.3 (S.E. 0.44) wild dogs/100 km 2 , approaching the upper limit of densities reported from unmanaged populations. Mean size of breeding packs was 11.0 (S.E. 0.76), comparable to pack sizes in Kruger National Park (Kruger), the only viable unmanaged population in South Africa. Fecundity was lower than in Kruger -particularly in the older age classes. Pup survival to adulthood was 45% -nearly three times the survival rate for pups in Kruger. Mean annual population growth rate (ë = 1.08, S.E. 0.13) was higher than in unmanaged populations (range 1.000-1.038), with implications for population viability and management.

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“…Compact or aggregated reserve networks have the advantage of facilitating species migration and mitigating edge effects and fragmentation, but may also be more vulnerable to species loss resulting from large catastrophic disturbances and have lower species and environmental diversity than elongated or dispersed reserve networks (Shafer 2001;Cabeza et al 2004;Williams et al 2005;Van Teeffelen et al 2006). The spatial aggregation scenarios exhibited a tradeoff between suitability and clustering of candidate sites due to the dispersed locations of areas that were rated suitable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability for conservation as a criterion in regional conservation network selection

2007

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The process of selecting candidate areas for inclusion in a regional conservation network should include not only delineating appropriate land units for selection and defining targets for representing features of interest, but also determining the suitability of land units for conservation purposes. We developed an explicit rating of conservation suitability by applying fuzzy-logic functions in a knowledge base to ecological condition and socio-economic attributes of land units in the interior Columbia River basin, USA. Suitability was converted to unsuitability to comprise a cost criterion in selecting regional conservation networks. When unsuitability was the sole cost criterion or was combined with land area as cost, only about one-third of the area selected was rated suitable, due to inclusion of unsuitable land to achieve representation of conservation targets (vegetation cover-type area). Selecting only from land units rated suitable produced networks that were 100% suitable, reasonably efficient, and most likely to be viable and defensible, as represented in our knowledge-based system. However, several conservation targets were not represented in these networks. The tradeoff between suitability and effectiveness in representing targets suggests that a multi-stage process should be implemented to address both attributes of candidate conservation networks. The suitability of existing conservation areas was greater than that of most alternative candidate networks, but 59% of land units containing conservation areas received a rating of unsuitable, due in part to the presence of units only partially occupied by conservation areas, in which unsuitability derived from conditions in non-conserved areas.

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Inter-reserve distance

Cited by 53 publications

References 93 publications

Geographic Assessment of Present Protected Areas in Japan for Representativeness of Forest Communities

Geographic Assessment of Present Protected Areas in Japan for Representativeness of Forest Communities

The Demography and Dynamics of an Expanding, Managed African Wild Dog Metapopulation

Suitability for conservation as a criterion in regional conservation network selection

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