Inter simple sequence repeat analysis of genetic diversity and relationships in cultivated barley of Nordic and Baltic origin

Abstract

This study evaluates putative changes of genetic diversity and relationships of barley in the Nordic and Baltic countries that might have taken place during the last century as a result of commercial breeding. Four ISSR primers were used to analyse 227 accessions, yielding a total of 47 polymorphic loci. Shannon-Weaver diversity values for each locus ranged from 0.012 to 0.693. Overall, there were no significant changes of genetic diversity observed over time. A significant decrease of diversity was, however, observed in material from the southern parts of the Nordic and Baltic countries. In material from the northern parts no decrease of diversity was observed. The genetic diversity of six-rowed barley bred in the middle of the 20th century was low, but there was no significant difference between modern accessions and landraces or old cultivars. The magnitude in changes of genetic diversity differed also in material from different countries of origin. A cluster analysis clearly separated the material into two groups. The first cluster included 86.5% of all six-rowed accessions, whereas the second cluster contained 97.4% of all two-rowed accessions.

A Phylogenetic Analysis Based on Nucleotide Sequence of a Marker Linked to the Brittle Rachis Locus Indicates a Diphyletic Origin of Barley

“…A polyphyletic origin is also favoured by a number of other authorities (Kolodinska et al , 2004; Komatsuda et al , 2004; Molina-Cano et al , 2005). On the basis of our comparative sequence-based study, we suggest that at least two independent brittle rachis wild populations were involved in barley domestication, and we therefore support the notion of a diphyletic origin for cultivated barley.…”

Genetic diversity trends in twentieth century crop cultivars: a meta analysis

“…It appeared that several times the same sets of varieties were used in different studies using different molecular marker systems (Donini et al 2000; Cooke and Law 1998; Fu et al 2003b, 2004, 2005, 2006; Kolodinska Brantestam et al 2003, 2004, 2007). To avoid an implicit additional weighting of these sets of varieties, the results of the studies were averaged based on the number of loci in each study.…”

“…For papers in which in addition to an overall analysis, also an analysis split into regions was done, only the results from the overall analysis were used in the meta analysis (e.g. Kolodinska Brantestam et al 2004). …”

Genetic diversity, population structure and linkage disequilibrium in Nordic spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare)

“…vulgare) is one of the most important crops in the Nordic countries covering a total area of 1.56 million ha in 2014 (http://faostat3.fao.org). Nordic barley breeding began more than 100 years ago, starting by selections in the landrace gene pool to the present modern elite cultivars developed by crosses between pure lines of advanced material (Kolodinska Brantestam et al 2004;Fischbeck 1992). Exotic sources are used in modern breeding, but then primarily as donors of single resistance genes against major diseases (Melchinger et al 1994;Weibull et al 2003).…”