Interaction between karst terrain and bauxites: evidence from Quaternary orebody distribution in Guangxi, SW China

Yang, Lin; Wang, Qingfei; Zhang, Qizuan; Carranza, Emmanuel John M.; Liu, Huan; Liu, Xuefei; Deng, Jun

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-12181-1

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Recent works successfully showed that the mineralogy of and geochemistry of REE can be controlled by the variation of pH and Eh [38], which can occur during several ore-forming stages that characterize the genesis of karst bauxites [38,48]. For example, in the Permian Longhe and Tianyang bauxite deposits (China) the in situ bauxitization was characterized by an alkaline and oxidizing environment (7 < ph < 10, −0.8 < Eh < 0, [42,49]).…”

Section: Genetic Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Characterization of Bauxite Deposits from the Abruzzi Mining District (Italy)

Putzolu¹,

Papa²,

Mondillo³

et al. 2018

Minerals

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Abstract:The Abruzzi bauxite district includes the deposits located on the Campo Felice plateau and those of the Monti d'Ocre, which had been mined in the first part of the 20th century. Bauxite is of the karst type, with textures ranging between oolitic and oolitic-conglomeratic, the latter suggesting a partial reworking of evolved lateritic soils. The high contents of Al 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 (average values 53.76 and 21.76 wt %, respectively) are associated with the presence of boehmite, hematite, and minor goethite. SiO 2 and TiO 2 have average values of 7.79 and 2.75 wt %, corresponding to the presence of kaolinite, anatase and rutile. Among the minor so-called "bauxitophile" elements V, Co, Ni, Cr and Zr, the most enriched is Cr, with an average value of 0.07 wt %. Nickel has an average value of 210.83 ppm. Vanadium shows an average value of 266.57 ppm, whereas the average Co concentration is 35.89 ppm. The total rare earth elements (REE) concentration in the sampled bauxite sites is variable between ca. 700 and 550 ppm. Among REEs, the most abundant element is Ce, with Ce anomalies commonly associated with authigenic REE-fluoro-carbonates, probably produced after the REEs remobilization from primary detrital minerals and their precipitation in neo-formed phases during the bauxitization process. Scandium and Ga occur in small amounts (57 and 60 ppm, respectively), but geochemical proxies of their remobilization and uptake in neo-formed minerals (Feand Al-(hydr)oxides, respectively) have been observed. The mean Eu/Eu* and Al 2 O 3 /TiO 2 ratios and the Ni-Cr contents of the Abruzzi bauxites suggest that the parent rock of these deposits was a material of acid affinity, likely corresponding to volcanic tephra or eolic loess-type sands.

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Section: Genetic Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Characterization of Bauxite Deposits from the Abruzzi Mining District (Italy)

Putzolu¹,

Papa²,

Mondillo³

et al. 2018

Minerals

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“…Bauxite deposits that occur in limestones have been defined as karstic deposits, regardless of their parent rocks (Patternson, 1967;Bárdossy, 1982;Bardossy and Aleva, 1990). On the other hand, bauxite deposits that overlay alumosilicate rocks and were formed by their in situ lateritization are called laterite-type or silicate-type deposits (Bardossy and Aleva, 1990;D'Argenio and Mindszenty, 1995;Öztürk et al, 2002;Liu et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2011;Yu et al, 2014;Mongelli et al, 2016;Zamanian et al, 2016;Liu et al 2016;Torro et al, 2017;Yang et al;. As can be seen from the above classification, while lateritic-type or silica-type bauxite classification depends on the parental rock, the karstic-type is independent of the source rock.…”

Section: Comparison With World Bauxitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Ti-rich bauxite from alkali basalt in continental margin carbonates, Payas region, SE Turkey: implications for sea level change in the Upper Cretaceous

Öztürk¹,

Hanilçi²,

Cansu³

et al. 2021

Turkish J Earth Sci

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The Payas region bauxite deposits occur as a sandwiched layer that is a few kilometers long and an average of 10 m thick between the lower and upper Cretaceous carbonates of the Arabian Platform. The bauxites occur as blanket and pocket types, are chemically and texturally homogeneous and have a thrust structure with ophiolitic mélange formations. The bauxite varies in color, from reddish-brown to grayish-green to black, and has a massive, patchy and very rare oolitic-pisolitic texture. The bauxite mainly consists of diaspore, hematite, rutile, anatase, rare kaolinite, boehmite and pyrite minerals. Prismatic and lath-shaped euhedral rutile within the bauxites indicates in situ formation of the bauxites from Ti-rich basaltic pyroclastics. The chondrite-normalized REE pattern of the bauxite is similar to the basalt pattern and has a very weak Eu anomaly (0.9). Two groups of elements have been enriched in the Payas region bauxite: the first group contains TiO 2 (9.67 wt%), Cr (752 ppm), V (617 ppm) and Ni (72 ppm), and the second group comprises Zr (993 ppm), Nb (86 ppm) and Sn (7 ppm). These two groups of element enrichment indicate that the parental material of bauxite has an alkali basalt character. The carbon and oxygen isotope stratigraphy throughout the carbonate section from the bottom to the top indicates that the climate was warm during bauxitization (mean δ 18 O VPDB :-6.15‰) and relatively cold after bauxite deposition (mean δ 18 O VPDB :-4,71‰). A marine regression during the warm climate could be related to the uplifting of the coastal zone, which is linked to vertical fault movements of normal faults. A rapid transgression after bauxite formation during the cold climate period can be explained by subsidence of the continental margin, which is associated with episodic ophiolitic nappe loading during the closure of the Neotethyan Ocean in the region.

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“…Bauxite, a typical exogenous mineral resource, is formed by intense chemical weathering in humid and hot areas [ 1 ]. Bauxite deposits formed on the paleokarstic surfaces of carbonates, which are considered carbonate bauxite [ 2 , 3 ], are often located 1–2 m below the surface, and therefore they are usually mined by opencast mining (strip mining) [ 3 ]. The large-scale opencast mining process directly destroys surface rock layers and vegetation [ 4 ], leading to changes in the physical structure and loss of soil organic matter [ 5 ], drastically reducing the soil nutrient contents [ 6 ] and causing serious ecological damage [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Land Reclamation on Soil Bacterial Community and Potential Functions in Bauxite Mining Area

Jin

Xiong

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Studying the characteristics of microorganisms in mine reclamation sites can provide a scientific reference basis for mine land reclamation. Soils in the plough layer (0–20 cm) of the bauxite mine plots in Pingguo city, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, with different reclamation years were used as the research objects. The community structure of soil bacteria was analyzed with high-throughput sequencing technology. The results show the following: (1) Reclamation significantly increased the contents of soil nutrients (p < 0.05). (2) The relative abundances of Proteobacteria were high (22.90~41.56%) in all plots, and reclamation significantly reduced the relative abundances of Firmicutes (3.42–10.77%) compared to that in the control plot (24.74%) (p < 0.05). The relative abundances of α-proteobacteria generally increased while the reclamation year increased. The relative abundances of α-proteobacteria and γ-proteobacteria showed significant positive correlations with soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus nutrients (p < 0.01). The relative abundance of Acidobacteria Group 6 showed significant positive correlations with soil exchangeable Ca and Mg (p < 0.01). (3) Bacterial co-occurrence network showed more Copresence interactions in all plots (50.81–58.39%). The reclaimed plots had more nodes, higher modularity, and longer characteristic path length than the control plot, and the keystone taxa changed in different plots. (4) The chemoheterotrophy and aerobic chemoheterotrophy were the most abundant functional groups in all plots (35.66–48.26%), while reclamation reduced the relative abundance of fermentation groups (1.75–11.21%). The above findings indicated that reclamation improved soil nutrients, changed the bacterial community structure and potential functions, and accelerated the microbial stabilization of the reclaimed soil.

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Interaction between karst terrain and bauxites: evidence from Quaternary orebody distribution in Guangxi, SW China

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Geochemical Characterization of Bauxite Deposits from the Abruzzi Mining District (Italy)

Geochemical Characterization of Bauxite Deposits from the Abruzzi Mining District (Italy)

Formation of Ti-rich bauxite from alkali basalt in continental margin carbonates, Payas region, SE Turkey: implications for sea level change in the Upper Cretaceous

Effects of Land Reclamation on Soil Bacterial Community and Potential Functions in Bauxite Mining Area

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