Interaction between primary and secondary sporocysts of Schistosoma mansoni and the internal defence system of Biomphalaria resistant and susceptible to the parasite

Mattos, Ana Carolina Alves de; Martins-Souza, Raquel Lopes; Kusel, J. R.; Coelho, Paulo Marcos Zech

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762011000400007

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…At 30 days, the snail begins the cercariae elimination. All these time points are well known and were chosen to cover a wide range of development stages of the parasite within the snail host [71–74]. Duplicate control groups for all infection time points were included using uninfected snails to control for gene expression.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…mansoni , have already transitioned into primary sporocysts, still retained near the penetration site [72, 73] and their presence may interfere with the gene expression of small RNAs machinery. It was already known that the moment of parasite penetration in the snail is marked by considerable damage to the snail tissues and also by intense morphological and functional modifications of the parasite to survive in the hostile environment [74], regulation of small RNA pathway genes is probably one of the main mechanisms orchestrating this relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…mansoni transitioning from primary sporocysts to secondary sporocysts [73, 74, 95]. During this period, intense transformation and migration of sporocysts to the digestive gland occurs [72, 95], and miRNA machinery genes were down-regulated at 15 days and up-regulated at 21 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential expression of small RNA pathway genes associated with the Biomphalaria glabrata/Schistosoma mansoni interaction

et al. 2017

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The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately 240 million people in 78 countries require treatment for schistosomiasis, an endemic disease caused by trematodes of the genus Schistosoma. In Brazil, Schistosoma mansoni is the only species representative of the genus whose passage through an invertebrate host, snails of the genus Biomphalaria, is obligatory before infecting a mammalian host, including humans. The availability of the genome and transcriptome of B. glabrata makes studying the regulation of gene expression, particularly the regulation of miRNA and piRNA processing pathway genes, possible. This might assist in better understanding the biology of B. glabrata as well as its relationship to the parasite S. mansoni. Some aspects of this interaction are still poorly explored, including the participation of non-coding small RNAs, such as miRNAs and piRNAs, with lengths varying from 18 to 30 nucleotides in mature form, which are potent regulators of gene expression. Using bioinformatics tools and quantitative PCR, we characterized and validated the miRNA and piRNA processing pathway genes in B. glabrata. In silico analyses showed that genes involved in miRNA and piRNA pathways were highly conserved in protein domain distribution, catalytic site residue conservation and phylogenetic analysis. Our study showed differential expression of putative Argonaute, Drosha, Piwi, Exportin-5 and Tudor genes at different snail developmental stages and during infection with S. mansoni, suggesting that the machinery is required for miRNA and piRNA processing in B. glabrata at all stages. These data suggested that the silencing pathway mediated by miRNAs and piRNAs can interfere in snail biology throughout the life cycle of the snail, thereby influencing the B. glabrata/S. mansoni interaction. Further studies are needed to confirm the participation of the small RNA processing pathway proteins in the parasite/host relationship, mainly the effective participation of small RNAs in regulating their target genes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential expression of small RNA pathway genes associated with the Biomphalaria glabrata/Schistosoma mansoni interaction

et al. 2017

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“…This active anti-schistosome defense reaction in resistant snails does not occur in those that are compatible/susceptible. In this case, the prevailing hypothesis is that the parasite is capable of suppressing the snail IDS, leading to the successful establishment and development of the early mother sporocyst stage (Yoshino and Bayne, 1983; Mattos et al, 2011). What mechanism(s) are involved in the manipulation of the snail’s defense by the parasite has yet to be uncovered but from comprehensive transcriptomics, several lectins, including highly diversified transcripts encoding the fibrinogen encoding proteins, collectively known by the acronym fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs) are upregulated in both resistant and susceptible snails.…”

Section: Gene Discovery Has Been Accomplished By Examining Differentimentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosomes and snails: a molecular encounter

Knight¹,

Arican-Goktas²,

Ittiprasert³

et al. 2014

Front. Genet.

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Biomphalaria glabrata snails play an integral role in the transmission of Schistosoma mansoni, the causative agent for human schistosomiasis in the Western hemisphere. For the past two decades, tremendous advances have been made in research aimed at elucidating the molecular basis of the snail/parasite interaction. The growing concern that there is no vaccine to prevent schistosomiasis and only one effective drug in existence provides the impetus to develop new control strategies based on eliminating schistosomes at the snail-stage of the life cycle. To elucidate why a given snail is not always compatible to each and every schistosome it encounters, B. glabrata that are either resistant or susceptible to a given strain of S. mansoni have been employed to track molecular mechanisms governing the snail/schistosome relationship. With such snails, genetic markers for resistance and susceptibility were identified. Additionally, differential gene expression studies have led to the identification of genes that underlie these phenotypes. Lately, the role of schistosomes in mediating non-random relocation of gene loci has been identified for the first time, making B. glabrata a model organism where chromatin regulation by changes in nuclear architecture, known as spatial epigenetics, orchestrated by a major human parasite can now be investigated. This review will highlight the progress that has been made in using molecular approaches to describe snail/schistosome compatibility issues. Uncovering the signaling networks triggered by schistosomes that provide the impulse to turn genes on and off in the snail host, thereby controlling the outcome of infection, could also yield new insights into anti-parasite mechanism(s) that operate in the human host as well.

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“…These results suggest higher resistance of secondary sporocysts to the effector mechanisms of Biomphalaria when compared to the primary sporocyst. However, the secondary sporocysts were unable to grow when inoculated into B. tenagophila Taim but were able to develop into B. glabrata [58]. …”

Section: Schistosoma Mansoni Infection In Biomphalaria Tenagophilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction ofSchistosoma mansoniSporocysts and Hemocytes ofBiomphalaria

Negrão-Corrêa

Mattos

Pereira

et al. 2012

Journal of Parasitology Research

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Human infection bySchistosoma mansoniaffects more than 100 million people worldwide, most often in populations of developing countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The transmission ofS. mansoniin human populations depends on the presence of some species ofBiomphalariathat act as an intermediate host. The compatibility betweenS. mansoniand its intermediate host is influenced by behavioral, physiological, and genetical factors of the mollusc and the parasite. The susceptibility level of the mollusc has been attributed to the capacity of internal defense system (IDS)—hemocytes and soluble components of the hemolymph—to recognize and destroy the parasite, and this will be the center of interest of this paper. The schistosome-resistantBiomphalariacan be an alternative strategy for the control of schistosomiasis.

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Interaction between primary and secondary sporocysts of Schistosoma mansoni and the internal defence system of Biomphalaria resistant and susceptible to the parasite

Abstract: The outcome of the interaction between Biomphalaria and Schistosoma mansoni depends on the response of the host internal defence system (IDS)

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

Differential expression of small RNA pathway genes associated with the Biomphalaria glabrata/Schistosoma mansoni interaction

Differential expression of small RNA pathway genes associated with the Biomphalaria glabrata/Schistosoma mansoni interaction

Schistosomes and snails: a molecular encounter

Interaction ofSchistosoma mansoniSporocysts and Hemocytes ofBiomphalaria

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