Interaction between the genetic risk score and dietary protein intake on cardiometabolic traits in Southeast Asian

Abstract

Background Cardiometabolic diseases are complex traits which are influenced by several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Thus, analysing the combined effects of multiple gene variants might provide a better understanding of disease risk than using a single gene variant approach. Furthermore, studies have found that the effect of SNPs on cardiometabolic traits can be influenced by lifestyle factors, highlighting the importance of analysing gene-lifestyle interactions. Aims In the present study, we investigated the association of 15 gene variants with cardiometabolic traits and examined whether these associations were modified by lifestyle factors such as dietary intake and physical activity. Methods The study included 110 Minangkabau women [aged 25–60 years and body mass index (BMI) 25.13 ± 4.2 kg/m2] from Padang, Indonesia. All participants underwent a physical examination followed by anthropometric, biochemical and dietary assessments and genetic tests. A genetic risk score (GRS) was developed based on 15 cardiometabolic disease-related SNPs. The effect of GRS on cardiometabolic traits was analysed using general linear models. GRS-lifestyle interactions on continuous outcomes were tested by including the interaction term (e.g. lifestyle factor*GRS) in the regression model. Models were adjusted for age, BMI and location (rural or urban), wherever appropriate. Results There was a significant association between GRS and BMI, where individuals carrying 6 or more risk alleles had higher BMI compared to those carrying 5 or less risk alleles (P = 0.018). Furthermore, there were significant interactions of GRS with protein intake on waist circumference (WC) and triglyceride concentrations (Pinteraction = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively). Among women who had a lower protein intake (13.51 ± 1.18% of the total daily energy intake), carriers of six or more risk alleles had significantly lower WC and triglyceride concentrations compared with carriers of five or less risk alleles (P = 0.0118 and 0.002, respectively). Conclusions Our study confirmed the association of GRS with higher BMI and further showed a significant effect of the GRS on WC and triglyceride levels through the influence of a low-protein diet. These findings suggest that following a lower protein diet, particularly in genetically predisposed individuals, might be an effective approach for addressing cardiometabolic diseases among Southeast Asian women.

Interaction between Vitamin D-Related Genetic Risk Score and Carbohydrate Intake on Body Fat Composition: A Study in Southeast Asian Minangkabau Women

“…There are ethnic differences in body fat composition as we explore the complex interaction between the genes, lifestyle, and culture [ 21 ]. Understanding of ethnic differences may lead to the implementation of effective approaches to recognize and prevent metabolic diseases across different ethnic groups [ 64 ]. It is important that the findings from this study are replicated before consideration is given to personalized dietary advice for Indonesian women carrying a higher genetic risk of VDD.…”

Interaction between dietary branched-chain amino acids and genetic risk score on the risk of type 2 diabetes in Chinese

“…However, the diabetes-related SNPs finding from GWAS studies may show nominal association and frequently be ignored of their biological functions. Finally, numerous researches used SNPs from candidate gene studies and GWAS studies to predict disease risk, which may show the rationality of this method [ 65 – 67 ]. Furthermore, comparing participants in the lowest tertile of GRS we built, the odds ratio of the highest tertile was 1.72 (95% CI 1.16–2.56) in our research, which may show the GRS can credibly represent T2D hereditary susceptibility.…”

Three Different Genetic Risk Scores Based on Fatty Liver Index, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Lipidomic for a Nutrigenetic Personalized Management of NAFLD: The Fatty Liver in Obesity Study

“…Moreover, high protein intake derived mainly from dairy products has been associated with higher risk to develop diabetes and also with NAFLD [82]. A recent study has also suggested that following a lower protein diet, particularly in genetically predisposed individuals, might be an effective approach for addressing cardiometabolic diseases among Southeast Asian women [83]. On the other hand, high protein diet has been reported to be a valid therapeutic approach to revert NAFLD, being of special importance the protein source and the functional status of the liver [84].…”