“…The figure reveals that the higher the gas flow rate the lower the I g . In addition, the decrease of I g with agitation velocity is sharper at high gas flow rate because of the high shear forces and the turbulence associated with the agitation that leads to more CO 2 bubbles contacting the metals (Lemenanda et al, 2013;Pawelski et al, 2013). Tables 7-9 show the values of corrosion rate obtained from weight loss of CS and Al in both free and coupling cases for the whole investigated ranges of temperature, agitation velocity, and gas flow rate.…”
“…The figure reveals that the higher the gas flow rate the lower the I g . In addition, the decrease of I g with agitation velocity is sharper at high gas flow rate because of the high shear forces and the turbulence associated with the agitation that leads to more CO 2 bubbles contacting the metals (Lemenanda et al, 2013;Pawelski et al, 2013). Tables 7-9 show the values of corrosion rate obtained from weight loss of CS and Al in both free and coupling cases for the whole investigated ranges of temperature, agitation velocity, and gas flow rate.…”
“…The results presented in [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] show that the conjugate heat/mass transfer from a sphere to a surrounding fluid flow in the presence of a chemical reaction depends on the chemical reaction strength, type and location.…”
“…Until now, the chemical reaction was the only source/sink term considered in the analysis of the conjugate mass/heat transfer from a sphere to a surrounding fluid flow, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The chemical reaction takes place in the surrounding fluid (external chemical reaction) [16,17,19] or inside the sphere (internal chemical reaction) [15,[18][19][20][21][22][23]. The following types of chemical reaction were analysed:…”
“…During droplet rise, if a droplet is smaller than the critical diameter then it maintains sphericity and it can be modelled as a sphere with constant shape and diameter. This approach has been used by Piarah et al [19], Wegener et al [20], Jeon et al [21] and Pawelski et al [22]. When a droplet is deformed due to diameter being larger than critical diameter, interface tracking offers a method to model the combined effect of hydrodynamics and interface evolution on mass transfer.…”
Copper reactive extraction from ambient aqueous solution to organic droplets using single droplet experiments was performed. Extractant was Agorca M5640 hydroxyoxime in Exxsol D80. An image analysis based method was used to determine droplet concentration directly after droplet formation and rise. Mass transfer during formation is correlated using literature. Level Set interface tracking method was used to find formation hydrodynamics and as a result the assumption of non-circular velocity field could be validated. This was also supported by the circulation criteria based on needle Reynolds number. A model to estimate extraction rate as function of droplet Fourier number was based on a literature correlation and it was found that a model where the interface effect was described using interface mobility parameter was able to predict satisfactorily mass transfer. For a rising droplet stagnant cap model was used. Stagnant cap volumes were estimated from droplet images. A CFD model of a non-deforming rising droplet with rigid interface was used to fit interfacial reaction kinetic constant. Fitted value was much lower than experimentally determined by high a shear reactor. Mass transfer coefficients calculated from CFD model and estimated using literature correlations agreed well. By applying a two-film model it was shown that major part of the resistance is located at the interface between the phases.
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