Interaction of body mass index and hemoglobin concentration on blood pressure among pregnant women in Guangxi, China

Abstract

BackgroundBody mass index (BMI) and hemoglobin (Hb) are positively associated with hypertensive disorders among pregnant women. The aim of this study was to estimate a potential interaction between high BMI and high Hb concentrations on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in pregnancy.MethodsWe recruited 4497 single-birth women aged 18–43 years who received routine antenatal care at three hospitals of Guigang, Guangxi, China, from December 2007 to January 2011. Of 4497 participants, 3472 women were in the first trimester, with following up, 2986 women and 2261 women were left in the second and third trimester, respectively. Clinical data were derived from medical records of each woman. We used multivariable linear regression, by trimesters of pregnancy, to evaluate the associations of high BMI and high Hb concentrations with SBP and DBP according to cross-sectional design.ResultsIn multivariable analyses, BMI was positively associated with SBP throughout all trimesters, but the corresponding association for Hb concentrations only in the first trimester, whereas both BMI and Hb concentrations were positively associated with DBP in the first and third trimesters. After full adjustment for confounding, the average differences in SBP and DBP comparing women with high BMI and high Hb to those with non-high BMI and non-high Hb were 2.9 mmHg (95% CI: 0.8 to 5.0 mmHg) and 3.9 mmHg (95% CI: 1.5 to 6.3 mmHg) in the first trimester, 2.6 mmHg (95% CI: 0.4 to 4.8 mmHg) and 1.5 mmHg (95% CI: -1.3 to 4.3 mmHg) in the second trimester, and 4.8 mmHg (95% CI: 2.3 to 7.4 mmHg) and 5.7 mmHg (95% CI: 3.2 to 8.3 mmHg) in the third trimester, respectively. With respect to the interaction, significant combined effects between high BMI and high Hb were confirmed on SBP (P = 0.02) and DBP (P = 0.004) in the third trimester, and the amount of interaction on SBP and DBP were 2.0 mmHg (95% CI: 0.1 to 3.9 mmHg) and 2.3 mmHg (95% CI: 0.4 to 4.3 mmHg), respectively.ConclusionOur findings suggest that high BMI and high Hb concentrations may have a synergistic effect on blood pressure in late stage of pregnancy.

Detrimental Effects of Higher Body Mass Index and Smoking Habits on Menstrual Cycles in Korean Women

“…[34][35][36][37][38][39] In addition, BMI has been shown to be a critical risk factor for women's reproductive health, such as ovulation, menstruation, pregnancy, and delivery. [40][41][42][43][44] Obesity, metabolic syndrome, heart disease, and breast cancer are also factors related to early menarche and menstrual irregularity. [45][46][47] In Korea, height was positively related and waist circumference was inversely related to a menarche age of 16 to 18 years.…”