Interaction of Calcium and Phytate in Broiler Diets. 1. Effects on Apparent Prececal Digestibility and Retention of Phosphorus

Plumstead, P. W.; Leytem, April B.; Maguire, Rory O.; Spears, J. W.; Kwanyuen, P.; Brake, J.

doi:10.3382/ps.2007-00231

Cited by 94 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…High dietary calcium chelates part of the lipid fraction, which may reduce the energy value of the diet (Driver et al, 2005). Additionally, Ca forms insoluble complexes with phytate (Angel et al, 2002) and in the lumen interacts with inorganic phosphorus resulting in Ca-ortophosphate (Plumstead et al, 2008). Those complexes have a negative impact on the birds' performance due to the reduced solubility and availability of the P (Hamdi et al, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Broilers' Gut Microbiota Fed with Phosphorus, Calcium, and Phytase Supplemented Diets

et al. 2016

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Phytase supplementation in broiler diets is a common practice to improve phosphorus (P) availability and to reduce P loss by excretion. An enhanced P availability, and its concomitant supplementation with calcium (Ca), can affect the structure of the microbial community in the digestive tract of broiler chickens. Here, we aim to distinguish the effects of mineral P, Ca, and phytase on the composition of microbial communities present in the content and the mucosa layer of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chickens.Significant differences were observed between digesta and mucosa samples for the GIT sections studied (p = 0.001). The analyses of 56 individual birds showed a high microbial composition variability within the replicates of the same diet. The average similarity within replicates of digesta and mucosa samples across all diets ranged from 29 to 82% in crop, 19–49% in ileum, and 17–39% in caeca. Broilers fed with a diet only supplemented with Ca had the lowest body weight gain and feed conversion values while diets supplemented with P showed the best performance results. An effect of each diet on crop mucosa samples was observed, however, similar results were not obtained from digesta samples. Microbial communities colonizing the ileum mucosa samples were affected by P supplementation. Caeca-derived samples showed the highest microbial diversity when compared to the other GIT sections and the most prominent phylotypes were related to genus Faecalibacterium and Pseudoflavonifractor, known for their influence on gut health and as butyrate producers. Lower microbial diversity in crop digesta was linked to lower growth performance of birds fed with a diet only supplemented with Ca. Each diet affected microbial communities within individual sections, however, no diet showed a comprehensive effect across all GIT sections, which can primarily be attributed to the great variability among replicates. The substantial community differences between digesta and mucosa derived samples indicate that both habitats have to be considered when the influence of diet on the gut microbiota, broiler growth performance, and animal health is investigated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Broilers' Gut Microbiota Fed with Phosphorus, Calcium, and Phytase Supplemented Diets

et al. 2016

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“…Phytate interacts with proteins (Liu et al, 2009), reducing its digestibility for broilers, reduces mineral absorption (Plumstead et al, 2008), and increases endogenous losses (Cowieson et al, 2004), characterizing it as an anti-nutrient for broilers (Cowieson et al, 2011). Phytase hydrolyzes the phytate molecule, releasing P and at the same time reducing the concentration and thus the anti-nutritional effects of phytate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, besides being a possible source of P, phytate is also considered an anti-nutrient for broilers (Cowieson et al, 2011), reducing protein (Liu et al, 2009) and mineral absorption (Plumstead et al, 2008), increasing mucus production (Cowieson et al, 2004) and interfering with broiler performance (Linares et al, 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of High Phytase Inclusion Rates on Performance of Broilers Fed Diets Not Severely Limited in Available Phosphorus

Santos

Srinongkote

Bedford

et al. 2013

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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Phytate is not only an unavailable source of phosphorus (P) for broilers but it also acts as an anti-nutrient, reducing protein and mineral absorption, increasing endogenous losses and reducing broiler performance. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-nutritional effects of phytate by including high levels of phytase in diets not severely limited in available P. A total of 768 male Arbor Acres broilers were distributed in six treatments of eight replicate pens of 16 birds each consisting of a positive control diet (PC), positive control with 500 FTU/kg phytase, negative control (NC) diet with lower available P and calcium (Ca) levels and the same NC diet with 500, 1,000 or 1,500 FTU/kg phytase. Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and mortality were determined at 21 and 35 d of age while foot ash was determined in four birds per pen at 21 d of age. FI, FCR and foot ash where not affected by the lower mineral diets at 21 d of age nor by the enzyme inclusion but broilers fed lower Ca and available P diets had lower BWG. At 35 d of age no difference was observed between broilers fed the positive or NC diets but broilers fed 500, 1,000 and 1,500 FTU/kg on top of the NC diet had better FCR than broilers fed the positive control diet. When compared to birds fed a diet adequate in P, birds fed the same diet included with 500, 1,000 and 1,500 FTU/kg of phytase in marginally deficient available P and Ca diets had an improvement of performance. These results support the concept that hydrolysing phytate and reducing the anti-nutritional effects of phytate improves bird performance on marginally deficient diets that were not covering the P requirement of birds.

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“…Similarly, Tamim et al 41 reported that in the absence of dietary Ca broilers were able to degrade 69.2% phytate P by the terminal ileum; however, this was reduced to 25.4% when dietary Ca level was increased to 0.5%. Plumstead et al 42 observed that increasing Ca from 4.7 to 11.6 g kg −1 in broiler diets linearly decreased ileal phytate P digestibility by 71%. In laying hens, van der Klis et al 43 reported that increasing dietary Ca from 30 to 40 g kg −1 reduced phytate P degradation from about 33 % to 9% in the diet without phytase supplementation.…”

Section: Other Dietary Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytase in non‐ruminant animal nutrition: a critical review on phytase activities in the gastrointestinal tract and influencing factors

Dersjant-Li

Awati

Schulze

et al. 2014

J. Sci. Food Agric.

414

299

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This review focuses on phytase functionality in the digestive tract of farmed non-ruminant animals and the factors influencing in vivo phytase enzyme activity. In pigs, feed phytase is mainly active in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine, and added phytase activity is not recovered in the ileum. In poultry, feed phytase activities are mainly found in the upper part of the digestive tract, including the crop, proventriculus and gizzard. For fish with a stomach, phytase activities are mainly in the stomach. Many factors can influence the efficiency of feed phytase in the gastrointestinal tract, and they can be divided into three main groups: (i) phytase related; (ii) dietary related and (iii) animal related. Phytase-related factors include type of phytase (e.g. 3- or 6-phytase; bacterial or fungal phytase origin), the pH optimum and the resistance of phytase to endogenous protease. Dietary-related factors are mainly associated with dietary phytate content, feed ingredient composition and feed processing, and total P, Ca and Na content. Animal-related factors include species, gender and age of animals. To eliminate the antinutritional effects of phytate (IP6), it needs to be hydrolyzed as quickly as possible by phytase in the upper part of the digestive tract. A phytase that works over a wide range of pH values and is active in the stomach and upper intestine (along with several other characteristics and in addition to being refractory to endogenous enzymes) would be ideal. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Interaction of Calcium and Phytate in Broiler Diets. 1. Effects on Apparent Prececal Digestibility and Retention of Phosphorus

Cited by 94 publications

References 25 publications

Insights into Broilers' Gut Microbiota Fed with Phosphorus, Calcium, and Phytase Supplemented Diets

Insights into Broilers' Gut Microbiota Fed with Phosphorus, Calcium, and Phytase Supplemented Diets

Effect of High Phytase Inclusion Rates on Performance of Broilers Fed Diets Not Severely Limited in Available Phosphorus

Phytase in non‐ruminant animal nutrition: a critical review on phytase activities in the gastrointestinal tract and influencing factors

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