Interaction of Caveolin-1 gene polymorphism with processed meats on anthropometric measurements and body composition in obese and overweight women: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: It has been shown in different studies that Caveolin (CAV-1) gene variants can play a role in causing obesity and changes in anthropometric measurements and body composition. Further, the consumption of processed meats can also cause obesity and changes in the anthropometric parameters. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the relationship between the interaction of processed meats and the CAV-1 gene polymorphism on anthropometric parameters and body composition. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 389 obese and overweight women with a body mass index (BMI) 25-30 kg/m2 and 18-48 years from 20 health centers in Tehran. Dietary assessment was done using a 147-question semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Furthermore, anthropometric parameters, body composition, and biochemical assessments were measured. The CAV-1 genotyping was performed by the polymerase chain reaction -restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results: It was observed that (AA+AG) group was younger than GG group (P-value<0/05). The mean ± SD of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) waist hip ratio (WHR), and waist circumference (WC) were 111.68 ±13.71 (mmHg) 77.53 ±10.44 (mmHg), 1.16 ±4.61 and 99.12 ± 9.41 (cm), respectively. Our findings also showed, after controlling for age, BMI, physical activity and energy intake, significant interactions were found between processed meat and the A allele carrier group on WC (p = 0.04), body mass index (BMI ) (p = 0.02), body fat mass (BFM) (p = 0.01), body roundness index (BRI) (p = 0.006) and fat mass index (FMI) (p = 0.01). Moreover, in interaction, WC, WHR, visceral fat level (VFL) and a body shape index (ABSI) had higher level compared to GG homozygotes but these differences were not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that high consumption of processed meats may be associated with higher anthropometric parameters and body composition in AA and AG genotypes with rs-3807992. These results showed that diet, gene type and their interaction should be considered in the evaluation of anthropometric measurements and body composition.