Interaction of lactic acid bacteria with the gut immune system

Perdigón, Gabriela; Galdeano, Carolina Maldonado; Valdéz, Juan Carlos; Medici, M.

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601658

Cited by 301 publications

(227 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…[33][34][35][36][37][38] There are strains, however, capable of promoting the synthesis of interferon ␥, 33,39-42 a cytokine supporting the production of antibodies of the IgG3 isotype. [43][44][45] The IgG3 isotype, characterizing LACDE BGAL 266-280 /PDC-E2 212-226 cross-reactive antibodies, is noted for its ability to recruit major effectors of tissue damage, such as complement and Fc receptor-bearing cytotoxic cells, [46][47][48] and may have pathogenic implications in PBC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary biliary cirrhosis is characterized by IgG3 antibodies cross‐reactive with the major mitochondrial autoepitope and its Lactobacillus mimic†

et al. 2005

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The serological hallmark of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is the presence of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2 subunit (PDC-E2) antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs). Anti-PDC-E2 antibodies cross-react specifically with mycobacterial hsp65, and we have demonstrated that the motif SxGDL[ILV]AE shared by PDC-E2 212-226 and hsp's is a cross-reactive target. Having found that this same motif is present only in ␤-galactosidase of Lactobacillus delbrueckii (BGAL LACDE), we hypothesized that this homology would also lead to crossreactivity. The mimics were tested via ELISA for reactivity and competitive cross-reactivity using sera from 100 AMA-positive and 23 AMA-negative PBC patients and 190 controls. An Escherichia coli (ECOLI) PDC-E2 mimic that has been pathogenetically linked to PBC but lacks this motif has been also tested. Anti-BGAL 266-280 LACDE antibodies were restricted to AMA-positive patients (54 of 95, 57%) and belonged to immunoglobulin (Ig) G3. Of the 190 controls, 22 (12%; P < .001) had anti-BGAL 266-280 antibodies, mainly of the IgG4 subclass. ECOLI PDC-E2 reactivity was virtually absent. BGAL 266-280 /PDC-E2 212-226 reactivity of the IgG3 isotype was found in 52 (52%) AMA-positive PBC patients but in only 1 of the controls (P < .001). LACDE BGAL 266-280 /PDC-E2 212-226 reactivity was due to crossreactivity as confirmed via competition ELISA. Antibody affinity for BGAL 266-280 was greater than for PDC-E2 mimics. Preincubation of a multireactive serum with BGAL 266-280 reduced the inhibition of enzymatic activity by 40%, while marginal effect (12%) or no effect (2%) was observed in human or ECOLI PDC-E2 mimics. In conclusion, IgG3 antibodies to BGAL LACDE cross-react with the major mitochondrial autoepitope and are characteristic of PBC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary biliary cirrhosis is characterized by IgG3 antibodies cross‐reactive with the major mitochondrial autoepitope and its Lactobacillus mimic†

et al. 2005

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“…A well documented health benefit of the consumption of yogurt containing live L. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus is an attenuation of lactose intolerance (3). In addition, immune modulation and diarrhea-alleviating effects have been reported (4), and both L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus have been implicated in these effects (3,5). During yogurt fermentations protocooperation between these two bacteria results in an accelerated acidification, but the mechanisms involved are not completely understood (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

The complete genome sequence ofLactobacillus bulgaricusreveals extensive and ongoing reductive evolution

Guchte

Penaud

Grimaldi

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

376

300

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Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) is a representative of the group of lactic acid-producing bacteria, mainly known for its worldwide application in yogurt production. The genome sequence of this bacterium has been determined and shows the signs of ongoing specialization, with a substantial number of pseudogenes and incomplete metabolic pathways and relatively few regulatory functions. Several unique features of the L. bulgaricus genome support the hypothesis that the genome is in a phase of rapid evolution. (i) Exceptionally high numbers of rRNA and tRNA genes with regard to genome size may indicate that the L. bulgaricus genome has known a recent phase of important size reduction, in agreement with the observed high frequency of gene inactivation and elimination; (ii) a much higher GC content at codon position 3 than expected on the basis of the overall GC content suggests that the composition of the genome is evolving toward a higher GC content; and (iii) the presence of a 47.5-kbp inverted repeat in the replication termination region, an extremely rare feature in bacterial genomes, may be interpreted as a transient stage in genome evolution. The results indicate the adaptation of L. bulgaricus from a plant-associated habitat to the stable protein and lactose-rich milk environment through the loss of superfluous functions and protocooperation with Streptococcus thermophilus.bulgaricus) is one of the economically most important representatives of the heterogeneous group of lactic acid bacteria, with a worldwide application in yogurt production. Yogurt has long been recognized as a nutritious, natural, and safe component of a healthy diet and is at the basis of the concept of probiotics (1, 2). A well documented health benefit of the consumption of yogurt containing live L. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus is an attenuation of lactose intolerance (3). In addition, immune modulation and diarrhea-alleviating effects have been reported (4), and both L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus have been implicated in these effects (3,5). During yogurt fermentations protocooperation between these two bacteria results in an accelerated acidification, but the mechanisms involved are not completely understood (6).Among the lactic acid bacteria, L. bulgaricus belongs to the acidophilus complex, a group of lactobacilli related to Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus johnsonii, and Lactobacillus gasseri, which have been used as probiotic cultures. Although within this group L. bulgaricus is considered unique because of its atypical GC content, until recently the lack of tools for genetic manipulation has severely hampered a more detailed analysis of this organism (7, 8, † †).Here we present the genome sequence of L. bulgaricus strain ATCC11842, originally isolated from bulgarian yogurt by S. OrlaJensen in 1919 (unpublished work). The analysis of this genome and comparison to other members of the acidophilus complex and S. thermophilus (9) have contributed to a more complete understanding of its p...

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“…Probiotic microorganisms have the ability to influence the host's immunity system (prevention and therapy of contagious diseases, treatment of the gastrointestinal tract inflammation, suppression of cancer cells) (Perdigón et al 2001). They have a direct effect on other microorgan-isms namely commensal microbes or pathogens (prevention and treatment of infections, renewal of the intestinal microbial balance, prevention against travel diarrhoea and diarrhoea caused by antibiotics use) (O'Flaherty & Klaenhammer 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of selected lactobacilli in the conditions simulating those in the gastrointestinal tract

Horáčková¹,

Žaludová²,

Plocková³

2011

Czech J. Food Sci.

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Horáčková Š., Žaludová K., Plocková M. (2011): Stability of selected lactobacilli in the conditions simulating those in the gastrointestinal tract. Czech J. Food Sci., 29 (Special Issue): S30-S35.The cell survival in the digestive tract is one of the main criteria required for the probiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of the selected lactobacilli (Lactobacillus acidophilus CCDM 151; L. casei CCDM 198; L. rhamnosus CCDM 150, and L. fermentum ST 68) in conditions simulating those in the gastrointestinal tract as compared to the commercial probiotic strain Lactobacillus casei LAFTI L-26. The growth of lactobacilli decreased both after 2 h and 4 h incubation in MRS media with increasing concentration of bile salt but all lactobacilli had the ability to adapt in the environment of bile salt. Great differences in viability were detected between the isolated cells in the stomach simulating conditions. L. casei LAFTI L-26 and L. acidophilus CCDM 151 were most stable, L. rhamnosus CCDM 150 did not survive under these conditions. Milk revealed a strong protective influence on the viability of all lactobacilli in the stomach simulating conditions. The conditions existing in the small intestine did not influence the cell viability. Differences in autoaggregation were also observed.

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Interaction of lactic acid bacteria with the gut immune system

Cited by 301 publications

References 25 publications

Primary biliary cirrhosis is characterized by IgG3 antibodies cross‐reactive with the major mitochondrial autoepitope and its Lactobacillus mimic†

Primary biliary cirrhosis is characterized by IgG3 antibodies cross‐reactive with the major mitochondrial autoepitope and its Lactobacillus mimic†

The complete genome sequence ofLactobacillus bulgaricusreveals extensive and ongoing reductive evolution

Stability of selected lactobacilli in the conditions simulating those in the gastrointestinal tract

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