“…A variety of nanoparticles, such as simple metal oxides [ [96] , [97] , [98] , [99] , [100] ], non-metal oxides [ 101 , 102 ], polymer-coated and polymer nanoparticles [ [103] , [104] , [105] ], metal nanoparticles [ [106] , [107] , [108] ], carbon nanomaterials [ 100 , 109 ], and other compounds containing carcinogenic matters [ [110] , [111] , [112] , [113] ], have been investigated in the studies of particle-surfactant interactions. A few studies on environmental PM dust exposure have also been conducted [ 110 , 114 , 115 ], but they are still in the very early stage compared to those using engineered nanoparticles.…”