Interaction of phenazines with polydeoxyribonucleotides

Hollstein, Ulrich; Rj, Van Gemert

doi:10.1021/bi00779a023

Cited by 40 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…It is known that interactions between cationic phenazines and NA did not occur in homogenous solutions with [Na + ] ≥ 0,2M, in [11]. We observed this dependence on concentration of Na + -ions for 2,7-dimethoxi-10-N-oxyd-5-methylphenaziniumperchlorate too ( fig.…”

Section: Fig 2 In Presence Of Colorless Na (1) the Yellow 27-dimetsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…The interaction between NA and phenazine natural or synthetic origin are exploring a long time, in [11][12][13]. However, the effects of dissolved gases on such interactions have traditionally not take into account.…”

Section: The Influence Dissolved Gases On the Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, researchers, which studied the interaction between NA and aromatic dyes, used solutions with different pH (from 5.5 to 8) and ionic strengths. In particular, were used: 0,2 M acetate buffer, рН 5, in [4], MES-buffers of different concentrations, рН 6,2, in [5][6], 0,01 М phosphate buffer, рН 7, in [7][8], 0,1 М deuterated phosphate buffer, pD 6,6, in [9], 0,1 мМ Tris-HCl-buffer, pH 8, in [10], 1 mM acetate buffer, рН 6, 4 -6 %-ethanol-containing, in [11], 1 mM acetate buffer, рН 7, in [12], 1 mM Na-cacodylate buffer, рН 7, 0,5 mМ Na2EDTA containing, in [13], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nucleic Acids in Atypical Conditions

Pivovarenko¹

2015

EJB

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Abstract:Here we describe some properties of nucleic acids, which observed in 'atypical" experiments. So, we show that physical and chemical properties of nucleic acids depend on dissolved gases. We show particularly that thermal hyperchromism of DNA depends on dissolved oxygen and (or) air. It has been showed most importantly the thermal hyperchromism does not observe for DNA degassed solutions. Here we also demonstrate the difference between some chemical properties of nucleic acids in degassed solutions and in solutions saturated with hydrogen or oxygen. We illustrate too the difference between physical and chemical properties of nucleic acids in the homogenous and gradient-containing solutions; the last case we offer as approximation of the conditions, in which the nucleic acids exist in vivo.

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Section: Fig 2 In Presence Of Colorless Na (1) the Yellow 27-dimetsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: The Influence Dissolved Gases On the Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nucleic Acids in Atypical Conditions

Pivovarenko¹

2015

EJB

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“…Later researchers recognized that reduced pyocyanin and other phenazines react with molecular oxygen to form toxic superoxide radicals (10). Phenazines also poison cells by oxidizing iron-sulfur clusters (11), short-circuiting electron transfer (12), covalently modifying proteins (13), and intercalating into DNA (14). This broad spectrum of toxicity became the focus of phenazine research for several decades, and so today phenazines are best known as antibiotics and virulence factors.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Pyruvate and α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complexes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Catalyze Pyocyanin and Phenazine-1-carboxylic Acid Reduction via the Subunit Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase

Glasser

Wang

Hoy

et al. 2017

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Edited by Joseph JezPhenazines are a class of redox-active molecules produced by diverse bacteria and archaea. Many of the biological functions of phenazines, such as mediating signaling, iron acquisition, and redox homeostasis, derive from their redox activity. Although prior studies have focused on extracellular phenazine oxidation by oxygen and iron, here we report a search for reductants and catalysts of intracellular phenazine reduction in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Enzymatic assays in cell-free lysate, together with crude fractionation and chemical inhibition, indicate that P. aeruginosa contains multiple enzymes that catalyze the reduction of the endogenous phenazines pyocyanin and phenazine-1-carboxylic acid in both cytosolic and membrane fractions. We used chemical inhibitors to target general enzyme classes and found that an inhibitor of flavoproteins and hemecontaining proteins, diphenyleneiodonium, effectively inhibited phenazine reduction in vitro, suggesting that most phenazine reduction derives from these enzymes. Using natively purified proteins, we demonstrate that the pyruvate and ␣-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes directly catalyze phenazine reduction with pyruvate or ␣-ketoglutarate as electron donors. Both complexes transfer electrons to phenazines through the common subunit dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, a flavoprotein encoded by the gene lpdG. Although we were unable to co-crystallize LpdG with an endogenous phenazine, we report its X-ray crystal structure in the apo-form (refined to 1.35 Å), bound to NAD ؉ (1.45 Å), and bound to NADH (1.79 Å).In contrast to the notion that phenazines support intracellular redox homeostasis by oxidizing NADH, our work suggests that phenazines may substitute for NAD ؉ in LpdG and other enzymes, achieving the same end by a different mechanism.

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“…Like these dyes, neutral red [6] as well as other azine derivatives [7,8] were shown to interact with DNA. Basic planar dyes bind to nucleic acids by two different mechanisms, namely, an external interaction with phosphate groups, and the inter calative binding mode, in which the dye monomer is located between two base pairs [9][10][11].…”

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confidence: 99%

Neutral Red Fluorescence of Chromatin: Specificity and Binding Mechanism

Espelosin

Stockert

1982

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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Neutral red is a basic azine dye which is widely used in numerous staining techniques because of its affinity for chromatin [1,2] and its potential as a vital dye [3,4]. Although the fluorescence properties of neutral red are known [5], the use of this dye as a direct fluorochrome has been scarcely explored.The chemical structure of neutral red shows inter esting similarities with other planar cationic dyes belonging to the acridine, thiazine, and xanthene groups [2]. Like these dyes, neutral red [6] as well as other azine derivatives [7,8] were shown to interact with DNA. Basic planar dyes bind to nucleic acids by two different mechanisms, namely, an external interaction with phosphate groups, and the inter calative binding mode, in which the dye monomer is located between two base pairs [9][10][11]. The aim of this work is to describe the chromatin fluores cence and staining characteristics by neutral red in terms of binding mechanisms.Smears of chicken blood were fixed in methanol for 5 min and air dried. Staining was performed at room temperature by using neutral red (Merck, without further purification) solutions in distilled water, diluted from a 10~3 M stock solution. Staining time was 5 min after which slides were briefly washed in distilled water and air dried. Before Reprint request to Prof. Dr. Juan C. Stockert. 0341-0382/82/0100-0139 $ 0 1 .0 0 /0 staining, the following extraction procedures were applied: 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) at boiling temperature for 30 min; DNase I (Serva, 0.5 mg/ml in 1 mM MgCl2) and RNase A (Sigma, 1 mg/ml in distilled water), both used at room temperature for 2 h. Some stained smears were subjected to postreatments with 2% aqueous solutions of potassium alu minium sulfate and barium chloride for 3 min. In other cases, neutral red staining was carried out after treatment with methylene blue (Fluka). Obser vations were made in a Zeiss Photomicroscope III equipped with an epifluorescence condenser III RS and the filter set for green exciting light (546 nm). Cytofluorometric and cytophotometric measure ments were carried out according to the previously described procedures [12,13].At high concentration (> 1 0~*m) neutral red stained the chromatin from erythrocyte nuclei in a deep red color. On the contrary, smears subjected to lower dye concentrations (<10~4m) showed un stained nuclei under bright field illumination but an intensively red chromatin fluorescence. Extraction procedures such as TCA and DNase abolished the staining and fluorescence reaction of nuclei by neutral red, while treatment with RNase was with out effect. These results indicate that DNA is the chromatin component responsible for dye binding.The intensity of chromatin staining and fluores cence after teatment with different concentrations of neutral red is shown in Fig. 1 showed an increasing red emission, meanwhile nuclei appeared with a decreasing fluorescence. It is already known that the emission characteristics of fluorochromes are strongly dependent on the con centration and the type of binding m...

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Interaction of phenazines with polydeoxyribonucleotides

Cited by 40 publications

References 17 publications

Nucleic Acids in Atypical Conditions

Nucleic Acids in Atypical Conditions

The Pyruvate and α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complexes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Catalyze Pyocyanin and Phenazine-1-carboxylic Acid Reduction via the Subunit Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase

Neutral Red Fluorescence of Chromatin: Specificity and Binding Mechanism

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