Interaction of Reaction and Mass Transfer in Ion-Exchange Resin Catalysts

Abstract

A two-phase model has been proposed for a macroreticular resin catalyst to analyze the reaction activities in terms of the micro- and macroeffectiveness factors and the fraction of active sites on the surface layer. The accessibility of sulfonic acid groups was investigated through the sucrose inversion and benzene alkylation. Internal functional groups were found to be more active than external ones in the synthesis of methyl tert-butyl ether and the hydration of isobutylene. It was also shown that the distribution and local concentration level of sulfonic acid groups within a gellular microparticle of the macroreticular resin had a significant influence on the catalytic activity of 1-butene isomerization and the deactivating patterns of ethanol dehydration.

Kinetic studies in a batch reactor using ion exchange resin catalysts for oxygenates production: Role of mass transfer mechanisms

“…The macroreticular ion exchange resins show bidisperse pore distribution (Quinta- Ferreira and Rodrigues, 1993;Caetano et al, 1994;Ihm et al, 1996). Macroporous resins are characterized by micropores of 0.5-2 nm and macropores of 20-60 nm, depending on the degree of crosslinking (de Dardel and Arden, 2002).…”

The rate inhibiting effect of water as a product on reactions catalysed by cation exchange resins: formation of mesityl oxide from acetone as case study

“…The fraction of the total number of active sites that is located in the micropore depends on the degree of crosslinking and porosity of the resin. According to Ihm et al (1996) less than 5% of the active sites (-SO 3 H groups) in the case of the commercially available Amberlyst®15 resin is located on the surface of the microsphere (i.e. in the macropore).…”

“…(Buttersack, Widdecke and Klein, 1986;Ihm, Ahn and Jo, 1996;Hoffmann 1990a, 1990b;Schwarzer, Horst , Kunz and Hoffmann, 2000;Tejero, Cunhill, Iborra, Fité and Parra, 1996;Yadav and Kulkarni, 2000;Yadav and Thatagar, 2002;Yang, Yang and Yao, 2000) Their work shows that the rate may be affected by mass-transfer phenomena as well as preferential adsorption of some of the reactants or products -both effects depending on the specific reaction system under investigation.…”

Sorption enhanced reactive process for the synthesis of glycerol ethyl acetal

“…Such ion exchange resins are constituted by crosslinked styrene divinylbenzene copolymers functionalized with acid sulfonic groups. The polymeric matrix is responsible for its bidisperse pore size distribution, with micro and macropores, while its diffusion and adsorption properties result, mainly, from the interactions developed between the acid active sites and the chemical compounds [29][30][31].…”

“…summarises the main physical properties of Amberlyst-15 wet provided by the supplier and reported in the open literature[31,40,41].…”