Interaction of the HIV-1 gp120 Viral Protein V3 Loop with Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide

Majerle, Andreja; Pristovšek, Primož; Manček-Keber, Mateja; Jerala, Roman

doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.220434

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Microbiota can influence viral infection through direct and/or indirect mechanisms on the host and/or virus, making a mechanistic search akin to “finding a needle in a haystack.” However, previous studies may inform future studies and help limit the search. There are two common themes that have emerged: 1) Microbial products initiate innate immune signaling to limit or promote viral infection (37–40, 44, 49), and 2) Microbial products interact with viral particles to alter infectivity or host responses (31, 46, 49, 60, 67). Interestingly, bacterial LPS binds poliovirus (31, 46), MMTV (49), and HIV (67), suggesting that LPS binding may be a property shared by several viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viruses and the Microbiota

2014

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Every surface of the human body is colonized by a diverse microbial community called the microbiota, yet the impact of microbiota on viruses is unclear. Recent research has advanced our understanding of how microbiota influence viral infection. Microbiota inhibit infection of some viruses and promote infection of other viruses. These effects can occur through direct and/or indirect effects on the host and/or virus. This review examines the known effects and mechanisms by which the microbiota influence mammalian virus infections. Furthermore, we suggest strategies for future research on how microbiota impact viruses. Overall, microbiota may influence a wide array of viruses through diverse mechanisms, making the study of virus-microbiota interactions a fertile area for future investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results suggest that microbiota enhance HIV pathogenesis. Second, Majerle et al demonstrated that the HIV envelope protein gp120 binds bacterial LPS and that LPS-bound gp120 has reduced binding to target cells (67). These results suggest that microbial products may reduce HIV infection.…”

Section: Unclear Effects Of the Microbiota On Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses and the Microbiota

2014

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“…Thus, it is possible that the immune activation coinciding with HIV‐1 infection is required for productive infection of the target cells. Furthermore, there may be a direct interaction between the virus and LPS, as HIV‐1 gp120Env binds LPS in vitro . Therefore, it is possible that HIV and SIV may also take advantage of commensal bacteria to assure successful propagation and spread.…”

Section: The Host's Microbiota Facilitates Viral Replication and Pathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual role of commensal bacteria in viral infections

Wilks

Beilinson

Golovkina

2013

Immunological Reviews

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Summary With our capabilities to culture and sequence the commensal bacteria that dwell on and within a host, we can now study the host in its entirety, as a supraorganism that must be navigated by the pathogen invader. At present, the majority of studies have focused on the interaction between the host’s microbiota and bacterial pathogens. This is not unwarranted, given that bacterial pathogens must compete with commensal organisms for the limited territory afforded by the host. However, viral pathogens also enter the host through surfaces coated with microbial life and encounter an immune system shaped by this symbiotic community. Therefore, we believe the microbiota cannot be ignored when examining the interplay between the host and viral pathogens. Here we review work that details mechanisms by which the microbiota either promotes or inhibits viral replication and virally-induced pathogenesis. The impact of the microbitota on viral infection promises to be a new and exciting avenue of investigation, which will ultimately lead to better treatments and preventions of virally-induced diseases.

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“…These include developing anti-HIV drugs [18,19], evaluating antiviral activities of multivalent anionic porphyrins [20], bacterial lipopolysaccharide [21], or Epap-1 [22], and the anti-V3 immune response investigations [23-26]. Early study demonstrated that the cyclic V3-loop-related HIV-1 conjugate vaccines elicited neutralizing antibodies [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A recombinant adenovirus-based vector elicits a specific humoral immune response against the V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 in mice through the “Antigen Capsid-Incorporation” strategy

Krendelchtchikova

Krendelchtchikov

et al. 2014

Virol J

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BackgroundDue to potential advantages, human adenoviral vectors have been evaluated pre-clinically as recombinant vaccine vectors against several cancers and infectious diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The V3 loop of HIV-1 glycoprotein 120 (gp120) contains important neutralizing epitopes and plays key roles in HIV entry and infectivity.MethodsIn order to investigate the humoral immune response development against portions of the V3 loop, we sought to generate four versions of adenovirus (Ad)-based V3 vectors by incorporating four different antigen inserts into the hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of human adenovirus type 5 (hAd5) hexon. The strategy whereby antigens are incorporated within the adenovirus capsid is known as the “Antigen Capsid-Incorporation” strategy.ResultsOf the four recombinant vectors, Ad-HVR1-lgs-His6-V3 and Ad-HVR1-long-V3 had the capability to present heterologous antigens on capsid surface, while maintaining low viral particle to infectious particle (VP/IP) ratios. The VP/IP ratios indicated both high viability and stability of these two vectors, as well as the possibility that V3 epitopes on these two vectors could be presented to immune system. Furthermore, both Ad-HVR1-lgs-His6-V3 and Ad-HVR1-long-V3 could, to some extent escape the neutralization by anti-adenovirus polyclonal antibody (PAb), but rather not the immunity by anti-gp120 (902) monoclonal antibody (MAb). The neutralization assay together with the whole virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) suggested that these two vectors could present V3 epitopes similar to the natural V3 presence in native HIV virions. However, subsequent mice immunizations clearly showed that only Ad-HVR1-lgs-His6-V3 elicited strong humoral immune response against V3. Isotype ELISAs identified IgG2a and IgG2b as the dominant IgG isotypes, while IgG1 comprised the minority.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated that human adenovirus (hAd) vectors which present HIV antigen via the “Antigen Capsid-Incorporation” strategy could successfully elicit antigen-specific humoral immune responses, which could potentially open an avenue for the development of Ad-based HIV V3 vaccines.

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Interaction of the HIV-1 gp120 Viral Protein V3 Loop with Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide

Abstract: HIV-1 represents an elusive target for therapeutic compounds due to its high rate of mutation. Targeting

Cited by 8 publications

References 58 publications

Viruses and the Microbiota

Viruses and the Microbiota

Dual role of commensal bacteria in viral infections

A recombinant adenovirus-based vector elicits a specific humoral immune response against the V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 in mice through the “Antigen Capsid-Incorporation” strategy

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