Interaction of Tritrichomonas foetus with the reproductive tract of experimentally infected female BALB/c mice: Ultrastructural evaluation

Monteavaro, Cristina Esther; Aguirre, J. Ignacio; Soto, Pedro; Echevarría, Hilda María; Catena, María del Carmen; Portiansky, Enrique Leo; Gimeno, Eduardo Juan

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.08.032

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…20 Another recent study examined histologic and ultrastructural lesions in nonestrogenized but nonpregnant mice. 40 The latter study demonstrated endometrial gland disruption, neutrophil infiltration, edema, and infiltration of macrophages and eosinophils, as in the current study. Ultrastructural examination demonstrated phagocytosis of T. foetus and granule release by eosinophils.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Ultrastructural examination demonstrated phagocytosis of T. foetus and granule release by eosinophils. 40 This study did not, however, account for the eosinophilic fluctuations characteristic of the normal mouse estrous cycle. Eosinophils are normally found in abundance in the mucosa of the vagina and uterus of mice throughout the estrous cycle, but they are notably absent in the stroma of normal pregnant uteri and are found only in the myometrium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…42 Estrogen's modulatory effect on eosinophils is particularly noteworthy 47 in light of the large number of eosinophils seen in T. foetus infections. 1, 18, 40 Loss of eosinophil function has resulted in greater susceptibility to helminth infections in mouse models. 60 In addition, the use of supraphysiologic levels of estrogen precludes examination of the immune system and the host-parasite interaction during the important process of conception and gestation, because successful pregnancy depends on physiologically appropriate hormonal levels, which control tubular transport of gametes, secretory activity, and uterine motility.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 More recently, mouse models that did not require estrogen supplementation were used to examine antibody responses to T. foetus infection in mice and adherence to reproductive mucosa in vivo. 40, 42 Another mouse study examined the effects of stress and estrogens on infection, 55 but the effects on pregnancy were not examined in these models.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Pregnant Mouse Model for BovineTritrichomonas foetusInfection

et al. 2008

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Abstract. The economically important effects of Tritrichomonas foetus infection in cattle are abortion and infertility, yet there has not been an animal model to examine the parasite-host interactions during gestation. In this study, 5-and 7-to 8-week-old BALB/cAnNCr, BALB/cJ, and SCID/NCr mice on a BALB/c background were intravaginally infected with T. foetus. All BALB/ cAnNCr and BALB/cJ mice, and 89% of SCID/NCr mice sustained infections for 13 weeks, if inoculated before 5 weeks of age. Infection rates were lower in all mouse strains inoculated at 7 weeks of age, although BALB/cAnNCr mice were significantly more susceptible than BALB/cJ or SCID/ NCr mice. Vaginal bacterial flora did not account for the variation in mouse-strain susceptibility, although coagulase-negative staphylococci in vaginal flora were associated with failure of T. foetus to infect. As with infected cattle, T. foetus-specific vaginal immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA antibodies were elevated after infection. The number and viability of day-10 fetuses were reduced in mice infected at 5 weeks of age and bred 12 weeks after infection. Lesions in pregnant and nonpregnant infected mice, including suppurative and eosinophilic vaginitis; cervicitis; endometritis with distension of the uterine lumen; endometrial ulceration; and glandular ectasia, with neutrophils in the glandular lumen and loss of gland epithelium, were similar to those in cattle. The decidua and placenta were multifocally necrotic. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated trichomonads in vaginal folds and uterine glands, and adjacent to fetal tissues. In summary, experimentally infected BALB/cAnNCr mice showed many pathologic similarities to cattle and may serve as a model to study host-trichomonad interactions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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A Pregnant Mouse Model for BovineTritrichomonas foetusInfection

et al. 2008

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“…In the murine model, Tritrichomonas foetus maintains its shape and flagella when invading the deeper oviduct folds which are better suited for anaerobic respiration (Monteavaro et al 2007) while Trichomonas vaginalis assumes an amoeboid shape when adhering to epithelial cells (Gonzalez-Robles et al 1995).…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative aspects of immunity and vaccination in human and bovine trichomoniasis: a review

Chapwanya

Usman

Irons

2015

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus are important extracellular protozoans that cause, respect i v e l y, h u m a n a n d b o v i n e v e n e r e a l d i s e a s e s . Trichomonads are extracellular parasites that primarily inhabit the genital tracts of the mammalian hosts where they overcome the mucus barrier and parasitize mucosa by contact-dependent or contact-independent cytotoxicity. Transient immunity is usually achieved by the host after clinical infection. At present, vaccination in cattle reduces infection rates and reproductive wastage in affected herds. After vaccination, immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels increase in systemic circulation while immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels rise in the vagina. Only moderate protection is conferred by means of vaccination. Future vaccine development strategies are needed for cattle to enhance the antigenic component or use adjuvant that strongly activates the innate immune response to produce safe and potent vaccines. This paper reviews the current knowledge of the immunology of trichomoniasis infection and the challenges and potential of vaccines in the control of the infection in human and bovine trichomoniasis.

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