Interaction of vulcanization and reinforcement of CB on dynamic property of NR characterized by RPA2000

Abstract

Vulcanization and reinforcement are two most important approaches to improve rubber properties. Effect of carbon black (CB) load level on curing process and properties of Natural rubber (NR) compounds and vulcanizates and interaction between vulcanization and reinforcement were characterized by Rubber Processing Analyzer (RPA2000). The incorporation of CB shortened the scorch delay time and prolonged curing time. Only after CB loading level reached about 20 phr, could effective CB network be formed that contributed to the formation of ''Payne effect.'' Dynamic elastic shear modulus G 0 of filled NR compounds had a stronger dependence on strain than that of unfilled NR. There was a synergism between vulcanization and reinforcement on the improvement of shear modulus of NR compounds and vulcanizates. The elastic recovery of vulcanizates restricted the break of CB network through the rubber bridges formed between CB particles and helped the reformation of broken CB network. All these action amplified the reinforcement of CB.

Natural rubber compositions with the partial/total replacement of carbon black/naphthenic oil by renewable additives: Rice husk ash and cashew nut oil

“…With the increase in the strain amplitude, the rigid network became fragmented, and a decrease in the modulus is observed. When the deformation is sufficiently high, the entire network is destroyed, and G ′ decreases to almost the same level as that of the elastomeric matrix …”

“…When the deformation is sufficiently high, the entire network is destroyed, and G 0 decreases to almost the same level as that of the elastomeric matrix. 38,39 The difference in the elastic modulus (ΔG 0 ) was higher when CB was used, indicating the breakage of a large number of filler-filler interactions. 36 The composition of 30CB/10RHAs had a better polymer-filler interaction, consequently a better dispersion and better properties are expected, as a consequence of the smaller amount of agglomerates in the elastomeric matrix.…”

Covalent approach for in situ enhancement of interaction between pristine graphene and styrene‐butadiene‐p‐(2,2,2‐triphenylethyl)styrene rubber

“…A high plateau value G ′ ( G 0 ′) at low strain amplitudes and a low plateau value G ′ ( G ∞ ′) at higher strain amplitudes were observed in every sample. The value of ( G 0 ′− G ∞ ′ ) is generally calculated to evaluate the contributions of filler networks to the elastic modulus, which was known as the Payne effect . We clearly observed that the value of ( G 0 ′− G ∞ ′ ) decreased with increasing TPES content in the SBTR matrix.…”

Cardanol grafted natural rubber: A green substitute to natural rubber for enhancing silica filler dispersion

“…The decrease in storage modulus with increase in strain amplitude has been explained as a consequence of the breakage of physical bonds between the fillers, and more appropriately, the breakage of three‐dimensional network of the silica aggregates and agglomerates. When the strain is high enough to destroy the filler networks, the moduli of compounds decrease to almost the same level as that contributed by the rubber matrix …”

“…When the strain is high enough to destroy the filler networks, the moduli of compounds decrease to almost the same level as that contributed by the rubber matrix. 40 For a filled rubber compound, the Payne effect reflects the strength of the filler network structure. Lower the storage…”