Interaction studies and gamma-ray properties of some low-Z materials

Abstract

In pres ent work we use NaI(Tl) de tec tor in nar row-beam good ge om e try setup for the gamma ray at ten u a tion stud ies of some low-Z ma te ri als. The pa ram e ters such as mass at ten ua tion co ef fi cients, ef fec tive atomic num bers and ef fec tive elec tron den si ties, atomic cross-sections, elec tronic cross-sec tions of ma te ri als for gra phitic pow der, polycarbonate, poly vi nyl chlo ride, plas ter of Paris, gyp sum, and lime stone were de ter mined us ing gamma ray sources 57 Co, 133 Ba, 137 Bs, 60 Co, and 22 Na at en er gies of 122, 356, 511, 662, 840, 1170, 1275, and 1330 keV. It was ob served that the ef fec tive atomic num bers and ef fec tive elec tron den si ties ini tially de crease and tend to be al most con stant as a func tion of gamma-ray en ergy. An attempt was done to check the avail abil ity of these low-Z ma te ri als at large scales and ob tain able at low cost as gamma ray shield ing ma te ri als. The in ves ti gated data are use ful in elec tronic indus try, plas tic in dus try, build ing ma te ri als, and ag ri cul ture fields.

Photoluminescence, antibacterial, X-ray/gamma ray absorption, supercapacitor and sensor applications of ZrTiO4nanorods

“…Eventually, developing novel, sophisticated materials for nuclear science will become increasingly important due to the increased demand for improved shielding in severe situations. 24 Radiation shielding materials possess good mechanical properties, long term reliability, and suitable thermo-physical characteristics. Because of its high density and high atomic number, lead (Pb) has long been regarded as the ideal and traditional material for effective radiation shielding, particularly for blocking the penetration of gamma rays and X-rays.…”

“…Correct values of X-ray/gamma ray radiation interaction parameters are found to be extremely important in a variety of domains, including nuclear diagnosis, radiation protection, nuclear medicine, radiation dosimetry and radiation biology among others. 24 Saini et al , 28 report the EMI shielding properties of high permittivity polyaniline–barium titanate nanocomposites. There is still much research going on to develop valuable materials to be used in radiation shielding by reporting their X-ray/gamma ray shielding parameters.…”

Fe-based alloys and their shielding properties against directly and indirectly ionizing radiation by using FLUKA simulations

“…There is a huge attention to use the radionuclides for advanced technology in medicine (diagnostics and radiotherapy), food industry, agriculture, and sterilization. Moreover, the use of ionizing radiation in different nuclear facilities such as research institutions, isotopes production (radionuclides), energy generation, and nuclear power plants has great hazardous for the human being and the environment [1][2][3][4][5]. For example, exposure to X-and gamma rays, for a long or even short time, causes and deleterious diseases such as acute radiation syndrome, skin burns, cancer, and damage to cardiovascular.…”

Radiation shielding and gamma ray attenuation properties of some polymers

“…Same work has been car ried out for dosimetric ma te ri als, fatty ac ids, min er als, amino ac ids, low-Z ma te ri als, etc. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Many re search ers in ves ti gated the ex ten sive data on to tal atomic scat ter ing cross-sec tion, elec tronic scatter ing cross-sec tion, ef fec tive atomic num ber and effec tive elec tron den sity for dif fer ent ma te ri als [19][20][21][22], and the com par i son of in ves ti gated data with the the oret i cal val ues us ing Berger and Hubbell de vel oped the com puter pro gram (XCOM) for ab sorp tion co ef fi cient for el e ments, com pounds and mix tures in the en ergy range 1 keV to 100 GeV [23,24].…”