Interactions among spatial frequency and orientation channels adapted concurrently

Greenlee, Mark W.; Magnussen, Svein

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(88)90061-2

Cited by 69 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Several studies have found that early visual mechanisms are tuned not only to a narrow band of spatial frequencies but also to a specific orientation (e.g., Breitmeyer & Gantz, 1976;Graham, 1992;Ikeda & Wright, 1975b). The claim that both dimensions are necessary for the occurrence of a global precedence effect is consistent with findings that maximal activation of these mechanisms requires a unique combination of both attributes (Greenlee & Magnussen, 1988;Hughes, 1986).8 In the 2-D spectra of many-element patterns, the distribution of power within the low spatial frequency band (greater than .5 cpd but less than I cpd) was concentrated in the same orientation as the global pattern and thus was distinctive. For sparse patterns, however, the power was diffused and more ambiguous with respect to orientation.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 65%

Effects of good form and spatial frequency on global precedence

LaGasse

1993

Perception & Psychophysics

100

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Does the global precedence effect depend on the goodness of the global form and low spatial frequencies? In Experiments 1 and 2, under a variety of attentional and task conditions, a global advantage in response time (RT) occurred in "good," many-element compound patterns but not in "poor," few-element patterns (unless the local elements were too small to be easily recognized). Symmetric interference effects were found in all patterns, however, suggesting that global and local information were encoded in parallel and that the global advantage in RT involved BOme postperceptual processes. Experiments 3A and 3B showed that the global advantage in RT and perceived pattern goodness depend on low spatial frequencies: Lowpass-filtered patterns rated as "good" showed the usual global advantage in RT, but highpass-filtered, many-element forms rated as "poor" did not. These findings suggest that a global advantage in RT requires an unambiguous global form conveyed by low spatial frequencies.An important issue in visual perception is how we come to recognize objects and patterns derived from particular arrangements of their parts. Gestalt psychologists have long suggested that the perceptual coherence and dominance of wholes results from basic organizing principles such as proximity, similarity, good continuation, and closure (Koehler, 1947). From this view, the goodness of the global form determines whether a pattern or its parts would be recognized first. More current work has shown that good form benefits all stages of information processing. For example, good form facilitates encoding (Bell & Handel, 1976;Garner & Sutliff, 1974) as well as memory and comparison processes (Checkosky & Whitlock, 1973).Unlike the Gestalt view, recent work by Navon (1977, 1981, 1991) has suggested a different explanation for the priority of wholes over parts. Navon's primary hypothesis is that the pattern or global level of a form is always encoded faster than is more local information and hence is available sooner to recognition and response processes. The probable source for this temporal advantage is the operation of fast-conducting, visual mechanisms tuned to the low spatial frequencies of the global form (Navon, 1981;Petersik, 1978). Thus, according to this hypotheThe research and preparation of the manuscript were supported by NICHD Grant HD05331 to Peter D. Eimas and by NIMH Post-Doctoral Training Grant MH16745 to Linda L. laGasse. This research was based on a dissertation submitted in partial fulftllment of a doctoral degree at Brown University. I want to thank my advisor, Peter Eirnas, for his many contributions to this study. Practical assistance was also provided by Terry Au, Einar Siqueland, David Knill, Philippe Schyns, and Kathy Spoehr. I am further indebted to Sandy Pollatsek for his ideas during the preparation of this manuscript, and to Lester Krueger, Michael Venturino, and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments. Correspondence should be addressed to Linda L. laGasse, Infant Development Unit, Women and Infant...

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 65%

Effects of good form and spatial frequency on global precedence

LaGasse

1993

Perception & Psychophysics

100

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“…7c). This could be due to standing levels of interocular XOS in the cortex (Morrone et al, 1982) that are diminished by the adaptation process (De Valois, 1977;Tolhurst and Barfield, 1978;Greenlee and Magnussen, 1988). If so, then in this experiment the differences between the observers are understood as individual differences in (standing) suppressive weights, along similar lines as before (Tables 1 and 2).…”

Section: Experiments Iii: Adapting the Maskmentioning

confidence: 59%

Psychophysical evidence for two routes to suppression before binocular summation of signals in human vision

2007

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Abstract-Visual mechanisms in primary visual cortex are suppressed by the superposition of gratings perpendicular to their preferred orientations. A clear picture of this process is needed to (i) inform functional architecture of image-processing models, (ii) identify the pathways available to support binocular rivalry, and (iii) generally advance our understanding of early vision. Here we use monoptic sine-wave gratings and cross-orientation masking (XOM) to reveal two crossoriented suppressive pathways in humans, both of which occur before full binocular summation of signals. One is a within-eye (ipsiocular) pathway that is spatially broadband, immune to contrast adaptation and has a suppressive weight that tends to decrease with stimulus duration. The other pathway operates between the eyes (interocular), is spatially tuned, desensitizes with contrast adaptation and has a suppressive weight that increases with stimulus duration. When cross-oriented masks are presented to both eyes, masking is enhanced or diminished for conditions in which either ipsiocular or interocular pathways dominate masking, respectively. We propose that ipsiocular suppression precedes the influence of interocular suppression and tentatively associate the two effects with the lateral geniculate nucleus (or retina) and the visual cortex respectively. The interocular route is a good candidate for the initial pathway involved in binocular rivalry and predicts that interocular cross-orientation suppression should be found in cortical cells with predominantly ipsiocular drive.

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“…1), but observers responded to both the fixation target and the texture target on all trials, guessing the second response if not detecting the presence of a texture target. The dummy trials were hypothesized to minimize adaptation to the target since the background horizontal bars presented on those trials were oriented 45° relative to the targets' local orientation on the standard trials 4,7 . Each observer participated in a number of pre-training trials on day 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Observers completed four daily sessions with the target situated in location 1. Generalization of learning across target locations was assessed by four subsequent sessions (days [5][6][7][8] with the target appearing at location 2.…”

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confidence: 99%

Perceptual learning in autism: over-specificity and possible remedies

et al. 2015

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Inflexible behavior is a core characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but its underlying cause is unknown. Using a perceptual learning protocol, we observed initially efficient learning in ASD that was followed by anomalously poor learning when the location of the target was changed (over-specificity). Reducing stimulus repetition eliminated over-specificity. Our results indicate that inflexible behavior may be evident ubiquitously in ASD, even in sensory learning, but can be circumvented by specifically designed stimulation protocols.

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Interactions among spatial frequency and orientation channels adapted concurrently

Cited by 69 publications

References 43 publications

Effects of good form and spatial frequency on global precedence

Effects of good form and spatial frequency on global precedence

Psychophysical evidence for two routes to suppression before binocular summation of signals in human vision

Perceptual learning in autism: over-specificity and possible remedies

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