Interactions between a Candidate Gene for Migration (ADCYAP1), Morphology and Sex Predict Spring Arrival in Blackcap Populations

Mettler, Raeann; Segelbacher, Gernot; Schaefer, H. Martin

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144587

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…We found no associations between heterozygosity at Clock and any migratory trait. Few studies of migratory candidate genes have examined the effect of individual heterozygosity, but our results and those of Mettler et al (2015) suggest this is a potentially fruitful avenue of further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…While a single microsatellite locus is not sufficient in estimating genome‐wide heterozygosity or inbreeding (Miller et al, ), individual heterozygosity at a small number of microsatellite loci can be useful in the study of avian life history traits and fitness (Forstmeier, Schielzeth, Mueller, Ellegren, & Kempenaers, ; Lens et al, ), especially if those loci are functionally important and under selection (Chapman et al, ). Adcyap1 heterozygosity in Eurasian blackcaps was significantly associated with earlier spring arrival (Mettler et al, ), perhaps suggesting these individuals were of greater migratory fitness and able to migrate more quickly. We found similar results in blackpoll warblers in that heterozygotes at Adcyap1 had shorter spring and fall duration than homozygotes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For Clock , individuals with a greater number of glutamine repeats in the 3′ polyglutamine tail (i.e., longer alleles) exhibit delayed migratory and breeding phenology (Bazzi et al, ; Bourret & Garant, ; Caprioli et al, ; Liedvogel, Szulkin, & Knowles, ; Saino et al, ) and longer migratory distance (Peterson et al, ), relative to individuals with shorter alleles. For Adcyap1 , longer alleles have been shown to be associated with greater migratory restlessness (Mueller et al, ; Peterson et al, ), earlier spring arrival dates (Mettler, Segelbacher, & Schaefer, ), and earlier postnatal dispersal (Chakarov, Jonker, Boerner, Hoffman, & Krüger, ). Additionally, in one species, more northerly breeding populations had longer Adcyap1 alleles on average than southerly populations (Bazzi et al, ), which may reflect geographic variation in migratory strategies or phenological schedules resulting from local adaptation to environmental cues (Johnsen et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If we found a significant Clock × Adcyap1 interaction effect on a migratory trait, we do not further discuss single gene effects for this migratory trait.Lastly, we compared each of the six migratory traits between homozygous and heterozygous individuals for both Clock and Adcyap1 using GLMs with location and heterozygosity as the predictor variables. If heterozygosity correlates with individual fitness and migratory performance(Mettler et al, 2015), we would expect heterozygotes to have significantly shorter migratory durations and earlier arrival times. While several studies have shown sex-specific effects of candidate genes on phenology (e.g.,Mettler et al, 2015;Bazzi et al, 2017), we could not test for sex effects because all 17 geolocator birds were male.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Length polymorphisms at two candidate genes explain variation of migratory behaviors in blackpoll warblers (Setophaga striata)

Ralston

Lorenc

Montes

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Migratory behaviors such as the timing and duration of migration are genetically inherited and can be under strong natural selection, yet we still know very little about the specific genes or molecular pathways that control these behaviors. Studies in candidate genes Clock and Adcyap1 have revealed that both of these loci can be significantly correlated with migratory behaviors in birds, though observed relationships appear to vary across species. We investigated geographic genetic structure of Clock and Adcyap1 in four populations of blackpoll warblers ( Setophaga striata ), a Neotropical–Nearctic migrant that exhibits geographic variation in migratory timing and duration across its boreal breeding distribution. Further, we used data on migratory timing and duration, obtained from light‐level geolocator trackers to investigate candidate genotype–phenotype relationships at the individual level. While we found no geographic structure in either candidate gene, we did find evidence that candidate gene lengths are correlated with five of the six migratory traits. Maximum Clock allele length was significantly and negatively associated with spring arrival date. Minimum Adcyap1 allele length was significantly and negatively associated with spring departure date and positively associated with fall arrival date at the wintering grounds. Additionally, we found a significant interaction between Clock and Adcyap1 allele lengths on both spring and fall migratory duration. Adcyap1 heterozygotes also had significantly shorter migration duration in both spring and fall compared to homozygotes. Our results support the growing body of evidence that Clock and Adcyap1 allele lengths are correlated with migratory behaviors in birds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Length polymorphisms at two candidate genes explain variation of migratory behaviors in blackpoll warblers (Setophaga striata)

Ralston

Lorenc

Montes

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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“…), and Adcyap1 polymorphism predicted timing of spring migration in blackcaps migrating across Europe only among females and in combination with wing morphology (Mettler et al. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adcyap1 polymorphism covaries with breeding latitude in a Nearctic migratory songbird, the Wilson's warbler (Cardellina pusilla)

Bazzi

Galimberti

Hays

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Understanding the genetic background of complex behavioral traits, showing multigenic control and extensive environmental effects, is a challenging task. Among such traits, migration is known to show a large additive genetic component. Yet, the identification of specific genes or gene regions explaining phenotypic variance in migratory behavior has received less attention. Migration ultimately depends on seasonal cycles, and polymorphism at phenological candidate genes may underlie variation in timing of migration or other aspects of migratory behavior. In this study of a Nearctic-Neotropical migratory songbird, the Wilson's warbler (Cardellina pusilla), we investigated the association between polymorphism at two phenological candidate genes, Clock and Adcyap1, and two aspects of the migratory phenotype, timing of spring migration through a stopover site and inferred latitude of the breeding destination. The breeding destination of migrating individuals was identified using feather deuterium ratio (d 2 H), which reliably reflects breeding latitude throughout the species' western breeding range. Ninety-eight percent of the individuals were homozygous at Clock, and the rare heterozygotes did not deviate from homozygous migration phenology. Adcyap1 was highly polymorphic, and allele size was not significantly associated with migration date. However, Adcyap1 allele size significantly positively predicted the inferred breeding latitude of males but not of females. Moreover, we found a strong positive association between inferred breeding latitude and Adcyap1 allele size in long-distance migrating birds from the northern sector of the breeding range (western Canada), while this was not the case in short-distance migrating birds from the southern sector of the breeding range (coastal California). Our findings support previous evidence for a role of Adcyap1 in shaping the avian migratory phenotype, while highlighting that patterns of phenological candidate gene-phenotype associations may be complex, significantly varying between geographically distinct populations and even between the sexes.

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Bird Species

Tietze¹

2018

Fascinating Life Sciences

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Interactions between a Candidate Gene for Migration (ADCYAP1), Morphology and Sex Predict Spring Arrival in Blackcap Populations

Cited by 18 publications

References 59 publications

Length polymorphisms at two candidate genes explain variation of migratory behaviors in blackpoll warblers (Setophaga striata)

Length polymorphisms at two candidate genes explain variation of migratory behaviors in blackpoll warblers (Setophaga striata)

Adcyap1 polymorphism covaries with breeding latitude in a Nearctic migratory songbird, the Wilson's warbler (Cardellina pusilla)

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