Interactions Between Glucose and FFA Metabolism in Man

Saloranta, Carola; Groop, Leif

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0895(199603)12:1<15::aid-dmr153>3.0.co;2-0

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…Total calories were higher in the high-fat diet because fat is an excellent source of energy. We preferred not to match the protocols to avoid conversion of excess carbohydrate-derived calories into fat (21)(22)(23). Therefore, we could not separate the influence of caloric imbalance and the contribution of fat intake.…”

Section: Op Bachmann and Associatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Intravenous and Dietary Lipid Challenge on Intramyocellular Lipid Content and the Relation With Insulin Sensitivity in Humans

et al. 2001

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An increased intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content, as quantified by 1 H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS), is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity. At present, it is unclear which factors determine IMCL formation and how rapidly IMCL accumulation can be induced. We therefore studied the impact of hyperinsulinemia and elevated circulating nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels on IMCL formation and insulin sensitivity. We further evaluated the influence of a high-fat diet on IMCL storage. In the infusion protocol, 12 healthy male subjects underwent a 6-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic glucose clamp with concomitant infusion of Intralipid plus heparin. IMCL was quantified by 1 H-MRS in soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle at baseline and then every hour. IMCL levels started to increase significantly after 2 h, reaching a maximum of 120.8 ؎ 3.4% (SOL) and 164.2 ؎ 13.8% (TA) of baseline after 6 h (both P < 0.05). In parallel, the glucose infusion rate (GIR) decreased progressively, reaching a minimum of 60.4 ؎ 5.4% of baseline after 6 h. Over time, the GIR was strongly correlated with IMCL in TA (r ‫؍‬ ؊0.98, P < 0.003) and SOL muscle (r ‫؍‬ ؊0.97, P < 0.005). In the diet protocol, 12 male subjects ingested both a high-fat and low-fat diet for 3 days each. Before and after completion of each diet, IMCL levels and insulin sensitivity were assessed. After the high-fat diet, IMCL levels increased significantly in TA muscle (to 148.0 ؎ 16.9% of baseline; P ‫؍‬ 0.005), but not in SOL muscle (to 114.4 ؎ 8.2% of baseline; NS). Insulin sensitivity decreased to 83.3 ؎ 5.6% of baseline (P ‫؍‬ 0.033). There were no significant changes in insulin sensitivity or IMCL levels after the low-fat diet. The effects of the high-fat diet showed greater interindividual variation than those of the infusion protocol. The data from the lipid infusion protocol suggest a functional relationship between IMCL levels and insulin sensitivity. Similar effects could be induced by a high-fat diet, thereby underlining the physiological relevance of these observations.

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Section: Op Bachmann and Associatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Intravenous and Dietary Lipid Challenge on Intramyocellular Lipid Content and the Relation With Insulin Sensitivity in Humans

et al. 2001

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“…10 Day-long elevations in plasma NEFA levels can lead to aggravation of impaired glucose homeostasis in obese and type 2 diabetes individuals. 11 Chronically elevated plasma NEFA concentrations stimulate gluconeogenesis, cause hepatic/muscle insulin resistance, and also impair insulin secretion in genetically predisposed individuals. [12][13][14] NEFAs have been proposed to represent a major link between obesity and insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes.…”

Section: Obesity Nefas and The Pathogenesis Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Unsuspected Metabolic Role for Atrial Natriuretic Peptides

Lafontan

Moro

Sengenès

et al. 2005

ATVB

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Abstract-In normal and obese humans, lipid mobilization and systemic nonesterified fatty acid levels are thought to be acutely controlled by catecholamines (ie, epinephrine and norepinephrine) and insulin. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are known to play a key role in the regulation of salt and water balance and blood pressure homeostasis. They are involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension and heart failure. (ATP III). The NCEP definition of the metabolic syndrome includes 3 or more of the following: abdominal obesity, defined as waist circumference Ն102 cm in men and Ͼ88 cm in women; elevated triglyceride concentration Ն150 mg/dL, low HDL cholesterol (Ͻ40 mg/dL in men and Ͻ50 mg/dL in women); elevated fasting plasma glucose level (Ն110 mg/dL); and elevated blood pressure (Ն130/85 mm Hg). 1 The presence of abdominal obesity is more closely associated with the metabolic risk factors than body mass index. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome increases with age. Obesity interferes with many metabolic pathways which underlie numerous potential risk factors. It is very difficult to differentiate between the major and minor factors, and some remain to be discovered. 2 This complexity leaves the area open and challenges basic and clinical researchers to uncover novel metabolic pathways. The discovery that cardiac natriuretic peptides (NPs) control human fat cell function is a provocative observation which reveals an unsuspected link between heart and adipose tissue. NPs exert potent lipolytic effects (eg, stimulation of hydrolysis of triacylglycerols stored in adipocytes) in isolated human fat cells. 3 When administered intravenously, they potently increase plasma glycerol and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels; in other words they stimulate lipid mobilization. 4 Before the discovery of the NP pathway, catecholamines and insulin were considered to be the major acute regulators of lipid mobilization in humans: they both act through a cAMP-dependent regulation of lipolysis. In contrast, NPs activate a 3Ј, 5Ј-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent pathway that is completely independent from the cAMP-dependent pathway. 5 The NPs may represent a promising new pathway contributing to the control of lipid mobilization in humans in physiological and pathological conditions. The introductory section

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“…13 Several points of the study require comments. Although the cross-generation study design using CVD events in the parents as end points may seem strange, it has the advantage of including most of the cumulative end points in the aged parent generation.…”

Section: Carlsson Et Al Nonesterified Fatty Acids and Familial Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NEFA levels are elevated in type 2 diabetes 9,10 and confer in nondiabetic individuals an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. 11,12 In addition, elevated NEFA levels are associated with insulin resistance [13][14][15] and hypertension, 16,17 two conditions that have been ascribed an increased risk of CVD and cerebrovascular disease. 18 -20 To address this question, we measured NEFA concentrations in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals from families with clustering of type 2 diabetes and related the findings to history of CVD in their parents.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%