Interactions between gut microbiota, host genetics and diet relevant to development of metabolic syndromes in mice

Abstract

Both genetic variations and diet-disrupted gut microbiota can predispose animals to metabolic syndromes (MS). This study assessed the relative contributions of host genetics and diet in shaping the gut microbiota and modulating MS-relevant phenotypes in mice. Together with its wild-type (Wt) counterpart, the Apoa-I knockout mouse, which has impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and increased body fat, was fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or normal chow (NC) diet for 25 weeks. DNA fingerprinting and bar-coded pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes were used to profile gut microbiota structures and to identify the key population changes relevant to MS development by Partial Least Square Discriminate Analysis. Diet changes explained 57% of the total structural variation in gut microbiota, whereas genetic mutation accounted for no more than 12%. All three groups with IGT had significantly different gut microbiota relative to healthy Wt/NC-fed animals. In all, 65 species-level phylotypes were identified as key members with differential responses to changes in diet, genotype and MS phenotype. Most notably, gut barrier-protecting Bifidobacterium spp. were nearly absent in all animals on HFD, regardless of genotype. Sulphate-reducing, endotoxin-producing bacteria of the family, Desulfovibrionaceae, were enhanced in all animals with IGT, most significantly in the Wt/HFD group, which had the highest calorie intake and the most serious MS phenotypes. Thus, diet has a dominating role in shaping gut microbiota and changes of some key populations may transform the gut microbiota of Wt animals into a pathogen-like entity relevant to development of MS, despite a complete host genome.

Studies on organogenesis during regeneration in the earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae, in support of symbiotic association with Bacillus endophyticus

“…Several studies have revealed that host-microbe interaction is an important association for developmental and homeostasis maintenance of animal traits (Nicholson et al, 2005;Zhang et al, 2010). Various reports in mouse and zebrafish revealed that the microbiota played a major role in cell proliferation (Uribe et al, 1997;Rawls et al, 2004).…”

“…Various reports in mouse and zebrafish revealed that the microbiota played a major role in cell proliferation (Uribe et al, 1997;Rawls et al, 2004). Based on the function, the human body has a unique symbiotic microbial niche (Hooper et al, 2002;Nicholson et al, 2005;Zhang et al, 2010;Aagaard et al, 2014). Some of the beneficial microbes of the animal gut biota can also supply vitamin B12 and riboflavin to the host (Hill, 1997;LeBlanc et al, 2013).…”

Echinacea purpurea Extract Affects the Immune System, Global Metabolome, and Gut Microbiome in Wistar Rats

“…The V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene from DNA samples was amplified using the bacterial forward primer 5'-AYTGGGYDTAAAGNG-3' and the reverse primer 5'-TACNVGGGTATCTAATCC-3'. PCR amplification, pyrosequencing of the PCR amplicons, and quality control of raw data were performed, as described previously (Zhang et al, 2010).…”

Emerging Aspects of Food and Nutrition on Gut Microbiota

“…48 Interestingly, in mice, genetics was shown to play less of a role than diet on the gut microbial community. 49 Age and health are also associated with alterations to the intestinal microbiota that might explain interindividual differences as well. 50 In general, dietary effects on the intestinal microbiota can occur on short and long time frames.…”