Interactions between poplar clones and
            <i>Melampsora</i>
            populations and their implications for breeding for durable resistance.

Pinon, Jean; Frey, Pascal; Pei, M. H.; McCracken, A. R.

doi:10.1079/9780851999999.0139

Cited by 76 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The basidiomycete Melampsora larici-populina is responsible for the leaf rust disease in Populus species Pinon and Frey, 2005). Urediniospore germlings of this obligate biotrophic fungus usually penetrate the host plant through stomatal openings, differentiate a series of infection structures in the intercellular space, and exhibit highly localized penetration of the host cell wall to establish a haustorium (Laurans and Pilate, 1999).…”

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confidence: 99%

Transcript Profiling of Poplar Leaves upon Infection with Compatible and Incompatible Strains of the Foliar RustMelampsora larici-populina

et al. 2007

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To understand key processes governing defense mechanisms in poplar (Populus spp.) upon infection with the rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina, we used combined histological and molecular techniques to describe the infection of Populus trichocarpa 3 Populus deltoides 'Beaupré' leaves by compatible and incompatible fungal strains. Striking differences in hosttissue infection were observed after 48-h postinoculation (hpi) between compatible and incompatible interactions. No reactive oxygen species production could be detected at infection sites, while a strong accumulation of monolignols occurred in the incompatible interaction after 48 hpi, indicating a late plant response once the fungus already penetrated host cells to form haustorial infection structures. P. trichocarpa whole-genome expression oligoarrays and sequencing of cDNAs were used to determine changes in gene expression in both interactions at 48 hpi. Temporal expression profiling of infection-regulated transcripts was further compared by cDNA arrays and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Among 1,730 significantly differentially expressed transcripts in the incompatible interaction, 150 showed an increase in concentration $3-fold, whereas 62 were decreased by $3-fold. Regulated transcripts corresponded to known genes targeted by R genes in plant pathosystems, such as inositol-3-P synthase, glutathione S-transferases, and pathogenesis-related proteins. However, the transcript showing the highest rust-induced up-regulation encodes a putative secreted protein with no known function. In contrast, only a few transcripts showed an altered expression in the compatible interaction, suggesting a delay in defense response between incompatible and compatible interactions in poplar. This comprehensive analysis of early molecular responses of poplar to M. larici-populina infection identified key genes that likely contain the fungus proliferation in planta.

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confidence: 99%

Transcript Profiling of Poplar Leaves upon Infection with Compatible and Incompatible Strains of the Foliar RustMelampsora larici-populina

et al. 2007

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“…Large host plants surfaces with low genetic diversity maintain large pathogen populations, with high evolutionary potential and great opportunities for transmission, thus allowing rapid adaptation to the hosts (Stukenbrock and Bataillon 2012). Increased incidence of qualitative virulence types in response to forest host density has been clearly demonstrated, as in the examples of the breakdown of rust resistance types in plantation poplars (Pinon and Frey 2005). Similarly, C. ribicola populations have been demonstrated to increase in the proportion of strains carrying virulence types in the presence of five-needle pines with corresponding qualitative resistance (Kinloch et al 2004(Kinloch et al , 2008.…”

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confidence: 92%

“…The evolutionary constraints affecting the long-term efficacy of resistance strategies are well illustrated by past failures in the breeding programs of rust resistant poplar cultivars in Europe. The complete resistance conferred by racespecific genes widely deployed in monoclonal plantations was rapidly overcome by virulent races of the pathogen, in several boom-and-bust cycles (Pinon and Frey 2005). These failures have pushed breeders to consider other types of resistance, such as polygenic partial resistance, with the goal to slow down the evolution of virulent pathogen variants, thus increase the durability of resistance (Dowkiw et al 2012).…”

Section: Disease Resistance: Revisiting the Ideotype Concept For Breementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The idea that "nothing in forest pathology makes sense except in the light of evolution," paraphrasing Dobzhansky, could now seem obvious and not deserving of further development (Varki 2012). Many recent articles dealing with forest pathology indeed have an evolutionary background (e.g., Hansen and Goheen 2000;Pinon and Frey 2005;Kinloch et al 2008;Garbelotto et al 2010;Hayden et al 2011;Cruikshank and Jaquish 2014;Franceschini et al 2014). However, we contend that an evolutionary perspective is still not sufficiently emphasized and applied to the management of forest diseases.…”

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confidence: 99%

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An evolutionary ecology perspective to address forest pathology challenges of today and tomorrow

Desprez-Loustau

Aguayo²,

Dutech

et al. 2016

Annals of Forest Science

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Abstract& Key message Increasing human impacts on forests, including unintentional movement of pathogens, climate change, and large-scale intensive plantations, are associated with an unprecedented rate of new diseases. An evolutionary ecology perspective can help address these challenges and provide direction for sustainable forest management.& Context Forest pathology has historically relied on an ecological approach to understand and address the practical management of forest diseases. A widening of this perspective to include evolutionary considerations has been increasingly developed in response to the rising rates of genetic change in both pathogen populations and tree populations due to human activities. & Aims Here, five topics for which the evolutionary perspective is especially relevant are highlighted. & Results The first relates to the evolutionary diversity of fungi and fungal-like organisms, with issues linked to the identification of species and their ecological niches. The second theme deals with the evolutionary processes that allow forest pathogens to adapt to new hosts after introductions or to become more virulent in homogeneous plantations. The third theme presents issues linked to disease resistance in tree breeding programs (e.g., growth-defense trade-offs) and proposes new criteria and methods for more durable resistance. The last two themes are dedicated to the biotic environment of the tree-pathogen system, namely, hyperparasites and tree microbiota, as possible solutions for health management. & Conclusion We conclude by highlighting three major conceptual advances brought by evolutionary biology, i.e., that (i) "not everything is everywhere", (ii) evolution of pathogen populations can occur on short time scales, and (iii) the tree is a multitrophic community. We further translate these into a framework for immediate policy recommendations and future directions for research.

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“…During the last decades, breeding resistant poplar was considered an effective and environment-friendly approach to control this disease or to alleviate damage caused by it. However, culture practices of monoclonal plantations and directional selection of rust fungus enhanced the rapid breakdown of selected poplar resistances (Pinon and Frey, 2005). It is, thus, crucial to develop new strategies for controlling this disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and characterization of defense-related genes from Populus szechuanica infected with rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina

Z-D

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Characterization of defense-related genes is critical for breeding disease-resistant poplar varieties and for better management and control of leaf rust disease. In the present study, full-length cDNAs of five Populus szechuanica defense-related (PsDR) genes, pathogen-related protein 1 (PsPR1), β-1,3-glucanase (PsGns), thaumatin-like protein 1 (PsTLP1), thaumatin-like protein 2 (PsTLP2), and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PsPAL), were cloned from the leaves of P. szechuanica infected with Melampsora larici-populina (MLP). PsPR1 (728 bp), PsGns (1189 bp), PsTLP1 (929 bp), PsTLP2 (885 bp), and PsPAL (2586 bp) were predicted to encode 161, 347, 245, 225, and 711 amino acid residue-containing proteins with isoelectric points of 8. 53, 4.96, 4.51, 7.32, and 5.87, respectively. Moreover, the deduced PsDR proteins displayed more than 90% similarity to proteins from other Populus species. In response to the avirulent isolate, Sb 052 , and the virulent isolate, Th 053 , of MLP, the expression of PsDR genes was rapidly up-regulated in the leaves of P. szechuanica, peaked at 2 or 7 days post-inoculation (dpi), with levels in the incompatible interaction being higher than those in the compatible interaction. Meanwhile, the expression of PsDR genes (except for PsGns) was also differentially up-regulated at 3, 7, or 18 dpi in the petioles of the infected leaves, leaves next to the inoculated leaves, and in the top buds of the infected plants, respectively, compared to that at 0 dpi. These results suggest that these PsDR genes could play distinctive roles in the defense response of poplar against rust infection.

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Interactions between poplar clones and Melampsora populations and their implications for breeding for durable resistance.

Cited by 76 publications

References 14 publications

Transcript Profiling of Poplar Leaves upon Infection with Compatible and Incompatible Strains of the Foliar RustMelampsora larici-populina

Transcript Profiling of Poplar Leaves upon Infection with Compatible and Incompatible Strains of the Foliar RustMelampsora larici-populina

An evolutionary ecology perspective to address forest pathology challenges of today and tomorrow

Cloning and characterization of defense-related genes from Populus szechuanica infected with rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina

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