Interactions between the growth hormone and cytokines – A review

Szalecki, Mieczysław; Malinowska, A; Prokop-Piotrkowska, Monika; Janas, Roman

doi:10.1016/j.advms.2018.03.001

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Studies on the effect of GH therapy both in GH deficient and non-GH deficient children on immune functions have given discrepant results; however, in most of them without significant changes ( 26 – 30 ). Similarly, little attention has been given to the interaction between GH and cytokines, and the published results seem to be ambiguous, or even contradictory ( 31 ). At this point, it is difficult to give a definite answer as to whether the therapy used in our patients had any impact on the obtained results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Profile and Predisposition to Autoimmunity in Girls With Turner Syndrome

Gawlik

Berdej-Szczot

Blat³

et al. 2018

Front. Endocrinol.

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ObjectiveThe risk of autoimmune diseases (AD) in patients with Turner Syndrome (TS) is twice higher than in the general female population and four times higher than in the male population. The causes of the increased incidence of AD in TS are still under discussion. We hypothesized the presence of a specific humoral, cellular, and regulatory T cell (Treg) immunity profile which predisposes to AD, disorders of immunity, and disorders of immune regulation.MethodsThe study encompassed 37 girls with TS and with no signs of infection. The control group included 11 healthy girls with no hormonal disorders. A medical history focused on AD and immunity disorders was taken from all participants. The levels of: immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM, total lymphocytes, lymphocytes subpopulations CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, natural killer cells, Treg cells (CD4+ CD25+ CD127− FOXP3+), anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-β), anti-nuclear antibodies, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65 Abs), anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO Ab), and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG Ab) autoantibodies were determined in each participant.ResultsThe mean age and BMI in the TS group and in controls were comparable (11.9 ± 4.1 vs. 12.5 ± 4.0 years; 19.2 ± 3.4 vs. 19.7 ± 4.6, p > 0.05). Mean hSDS was significantly higher in controls (−2.2 ± 0.9 vs. −0.4 ± 1.5, p < 0.0001). AD and recurrent otitis media with complications were previously confirmed in 9 (24.3%) and 10 (27.0%) girls with TS. The TS group had significantly lower levels of IgG (p = 0.02), lower%CD4 (p < 0.001) and a significantly lower CD4:CD8 ratio than the controls (p < 0.001). There were no differences in mean Treg% between girls with TS and healthy controls. However, comparing Treg% between the TS group with coexisting autoimmunity and the remaining participants, a statistically significant difference was observed (2.09 ± 0.5 vs. 2.77 ± 1.6, p = 0.048). Patients with iXq had lower CD4% and more frequently had positive anti-TPO Ab and anti-TG Ab compared to the remaining girls with TS and controls (p = 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.01).ConclusionTS predisposes to AD, especially if associated with coexisting iXq. Our preliminary findings show that patients with TS may present a specific profile of humoral and cellular immunity markers, different from healthy girls.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Profile and Predisposition to Autoimmunity in Girls With Turner Syndrome

Gawlik

Berdej-Szczot

Blat³

et al. 2018

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…However, the in vivo effects of GH and IGF-1 are probably more complex since interfering factors likely play a role. For example, pro-inflammatory cytokines are also known to induce GH resistance [138,[159][160][161], which hampers GHmediated actions and IGF-1 secretion, and therefore also impact on cytokine production.…”

Section: Effects Of Gh Igf-1 and Gh/igf-1 Disturbances On Ex Vivo Cymentioning

confidence: 99%

Acromegaly, inflammation and cardiovascular disease: a review

Wolters¹,

Netea

Riksen³

et al. 2020

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

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Acromegaly is characterized by Growth Hormone (GH) and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) excess. Uncontrolled acromegaly is associated with a strongly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and numerous cardiovascular risk factors remain present after remission. GH and IGF-1 have numerous effects on the immune and cardiovascular system. Since endothelial damage and systemic inflammation are strongly linked to the development of CVD, and have been suggested to be present in both controlled as uncontrolled acromegaly, they may explain the presence of both micro- and macrovascular dysfunction in these patients. In addition, these changes seem to be only partially reversible after remission, as illustrated by the often reported presence of endothelial dysfunction and microvascular damage in controlled acromegaly. Previous studies suggest that insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction are involved in the development of CVD in acromegaly. Not surprisingly, these processes are associated with systemic inflammation and respond to GH/IGF-1 normalizing treatment.

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“…TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 are the pro-inflammatory molecules most involved and up-regulated. Of note, TNF-α, mainly produced by mast cells and activated monocytes/macrophages, is able to regulate immune cells through IL-6 production and, in turn, is under the control of IL-1β [ 49 , 50 , 51 ]. ASD monocytes show strong impairment and altered immune responses.…”

Section: Dysfunctions In Neuro-immune Cross-talk In Autism Spectrumentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation and Neuro-Immune Dysregulations in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Siniscalco

Schultz

Brigida³

et al. 2018

Pharmaceuticals

216

113

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction and restricted-repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Strong inflammation states are associated with ASD. This inflammatory condition is often linked to immune system dysfunction. Several cell types are enrolled to trigger and sustain these processes. Neuro-inflammation and neuro-immune abnormalities have now been established in ASD as key factors in its development and maintenance. In this review, we will explore inflammatory conditions, dysfunctions in neuro-immune cross-talk, and immune system treatments in ASD management.

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Interactions between the growth hormone and cytokines – A review

Cited by 26 publications

References 41 publications

Immunological Profile and Predisposition to Autoimmunity in Girls With Turner Syndrome

Immunological Profile and Predisposition to Autoimmunity in Girls With Turner Syndrome

Acromegaly, inflammation and cardiovascular disease: a review

Inflammation and Neuro-Immune Dysregulations in Autism Spectrum Disorders

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