Interactions between Verticillium dahliae and its host: vegetative growth, pathogenicity, plant immunity

Luo, Xiumei; Xie, Changping; Dong, Jinyan; Yang, Xingyong; Sui, Anping

doi:10.1007/s00253-014-5863-8

Cited by 58 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Wilting symptoms or crop losses are only observed in the greenhouse (Zeise and von Tiedemann, 2002). In contrast, V. dahliae is known as a vascular pathogen with a broad host range including trees, legumes, ornamental crops, and vegetables such as tomato (Pegg and Brady, 2002; Luo et al, 2014). This fungus forms extremely outlasting melanized resting structures (microsclerotia) that are able to survive in soil for many years (Schnathorst, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus weihenstephanensis Inhibit the Growth of Phytopathogenic Verticillium Species

et al. 2017

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Verticillium wilt causes severe yield losses in a broad range of economically important crops worldwide. As many soil fumigants have a severe environmental impact, new biocontrol strategies are needed. Members of the genus Bacillus are known as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) as well as biocontrol agents of pests and diseases. In this study, we isolated 267 Bacillus strains from root-associated soil of field-grown tomato plants. We evaluated the antifungal potential of 20 phenotypically diverse strains according to their antagonistic activity against the two phytopathogenic fungi Verticillium dahliae and Verticillium longisporum. In addition, the 20 strains were sequenced and phylogenetically characterized by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) resulting in 7 different Bacillus thuringiensis and 13 Bacillus weihenstephanensis strains. All B. thuringiensis isolates inhibited in vitro the tomato pathogen V. dahliae JR2, but had only low efficacy against the tomato-foreign pathogen V. longisporum 43. All B. weihenstephanensis isolates exhibited no fungicidal activity whereas three B. weihenstephanensis isolates showed antagonistic effects on both phytopathogens. These strains had a rhizoid colony morphology, which has not been described for B. weihenstephanensis strains previously. Genome analysis of all isolates revealed putative genes encoding fungicidal substances and resulted in identification of 304 secondary metabolite gene clusters including 101 non-ribosomal polypeptide synthetases and 203 ribosomal-synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides. All genomes encoded genes for the synthesis of the antifungal siderophore bacillibactin. In the genome of one B. thuringiensis strain, a gene cluster for zwittermicin A was detected. Isolates which either exhibited an inhibitory or an interfering effect on the growth of the phytopathogens carried one or two genes encoding putative mycolitic chitinases, which might contribute to antifungal activities. This indicates that chitinases contribute to antifungal activities. The present study identified B. thuringiensis isolates from tomato roots which exhibited in vitro antifungal activity against Verticillium species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus weihenstephanensis Inhibit the Growth of Phytopathogenic Verticillium Species

et al. 2017

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“…Furthermore, many genes in V. dahliae regulate fungal development and pathogenicity (Luo et al ., ). VDH1 (Klimes and Dobinson, ; Klimes et al ., ), VdGARP1 (Gao et al ., ) and VdNLP (Santhanam et al ., ; Zhou et al ., ) are required for vegetative growth, and EG‐1 (Maruthachalam et al ., ; Novo et al ., ), VdSSP1 (Liu et al ., ), Vta2 (Tran et al ., ), VdSNF1 (Tzima et al ., ), VdMFS (Kapoor et al ., ; Maruthachalam et al ., ) and VdSge1 (Santhanam and Thomma, ) are necessary for successful penetration of host plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Verticillium wilt (VW), caused by a soil-borne hemibiotrophic fungus, Verticillium dahliae Klep, leads to vascular wilt disease and poses a destructive threat to more than 200 plant species (Bolek et al, 2005;Fradin and Thomma, 2006;Koroleva et al, 2001). This pathogen is particularly difficult to control, because it not only has a highly aggressive pathogenicity, but also persists in the host xylem vessels or soil as resting structures, called microsclerotia, for several years (Pegg and Brady, 2002;Klosterman et al, 2009;Luo et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2016). When the roots of host plants are challenged with V. dahliae, the microsclerotia germinate, and then produce conidia, mycelia and melanized dormancy microsclerotia, resulting in the blockage of plant vessels and VW (Fitzell et al, 1980;Gerik and Huisman, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host‐induced gene silencing of a regulator of G protein signalling gene (VdRGS1) confers resistance to Verticillium wilt in cotton

Wang

et al. 2018

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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Summary Verticillium wilt (VW), caused by soil‐borne fungi of the genus Verticillium, is a serious disease affecting a wide range of plants and leading to a constant and major challenge to agriculture worldwide. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is the world's most important natural textile fibre and oil crop. VW of cotton is a highly devastating vascular disease; however, few resistant germplasms have been reported in cotton. An increasing number of studies have shown that RNA interference (RNAi)‐based host‐induced gene silencing (HIGS) is an effective strategy for improving plant resistance to pathogens by silencing genes essential for the pathogenicity of these pathogens. Here, we have identified and characterized multifunctional regulators of G protein signalling (RGS) in the Verticillium dahliae virulence strain, Vd8. Of eight VdRGS genes, VdRGS1 showed the most significant increase in expression in V. dahliae after treating with the roots of cotton seedlings. Based on the phenotype detection of VdRGS1 deletion and complementation mutants, we found that VdRGS1 played crucial roles in spore production, hyphal development, microsclerotia formation and pathogenicity. Tobacco rattle virus‐mediated HIGS in cotton plants silenced VdRGS1 transcripts in invaded V. dahliae strains and enhanced broad‐spectrum resistance to cotton VW. Our data demonstrate that VdRGS1 is a conserved and essential gene for V. dahliae virulence. HIGS of VdRGS1 provides effective control against V. dahliae infection and could obtain the durable disease resistance in cotton and in other VW‐susceptible host crops by developing the stable transformants.

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“…In the xylem, a combination of hyphal growth and sporulation is thought to contribute to vascular colonization, eventually obstructing the xylem fluid. This, together with the secretion of toxins, leads to the appearance of disease symptoms (Luo et al, 2014). Large amounts of MS are produced in wilted tissue at late stages of infection, which can remain in the soil as dormant viable structures for long periods (Fradin and Thomma, 2006;Klimes et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of two homeodomain transcription factors with critical but distinct roles in virulence in the vascular pathogen Verticillium dahliae

Sarmiento-Villamil

Prieto

Klosterman

et al. 2017

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Vascular wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is a destructive disease that represents a chronic economic problem for crop production worldwide. In this work, we characterized two new regulators of pathogenicity in this species. Vph1 (VDAG_06555) was identified in a candidate gene approach as a putative homologue of the transcription factor Ste12. Vhb1 (VDAG_08786), identified in a forward genetics approach, is similar to the homeobox transcription factor Htf1, reported as a regulator of conidiogenesis in several fungi. Deletion of vph1 did not affect vegetative growth, whereas deletion of vhb1 greatly reduced sporulation rates in liquid medium. Both mutants failed to induce Verticillium wilt symptoms. However, unlike Δvph1, Δvhb1 could be re-isolated from the vascular system of some asymptomatic plants. Confocal microscopy further indicated that Δvph1 and Δvhb1 differed in their behaviour in planta; Δvph1 could not penetrate the root cortex, whereas Δvhb1 was impaired in its ability to colonize the xylem. In agreement with these observations, only Δvhb1 could penetrate cellophane paper. On cellophane, wild-type and Δvhb1 strains produced numerous short branches with swollen tips, resembling the hyphopodia formed on root surfaces, contrasting with Δvph1, which generated unbranched long filaments without swollen tips. A microarray analysis showed that these differences in growth were associated with differences in global transcription patterns, and allowed us to identify a large set of novel genes potentially involved in virulence in V. dahliae. Ste12 homologues are known regulators of invasive growth, but Vhb1 is the first putative Htf1 homologue identified with a critical role in virulence.

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Interactions between Verticillium dahliae and its host: vegetative growth, pathogenicity, plant immunity

Cited by 58 publications

References 95 publications

Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus weihenstephanensis Inhibit the Growth of Phytopathogenic Verticillium Species

Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus weihenstephanensis Inhibit the Growth of Phytopathogenic Verticillium Species

Host‐induced gene silencing of a regulator of G protein signalling gene (VdRGS1) confers resistance to Verticillium wilt in cotton

Characterization of two homeodomain transcription factors with critical but distinct roles in virulence in the vascular pathogen Verticillium dahliae

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