Interactions of ions with the surface receptor of the azobenzene-containing bilayer membrane. Discrimination, transduction, and amplification of chemical signals

Influence of Cluster Formation of Acidic Phospholipids on Decrease in the Affinity for ATP of DnaA Protein

“…The acidic compounds, 1P and 2P, are comprised of hydrophobic structures similar to the basic correspondents 1N and 2N, respectively. We previously reported that phase separation in a mixed membrane is caused by the heterogeneous combination of hydrophobic alkyl chains (21)(22)(23)(24). Hence, when the acidic lipid is diluted with the basic matrix consisting of a similar hydrophobic moiety, namely 1P/1N and 2P/2N, the acidic lipid is likely to disperse monomerically into the basic matrix membrane due to electrostatic force.…”

“…The heterogeneity in hydrophobic moiety between the component lipids is a key factor for formation of cluster domains in mixed artificial membranes (21)(22)(23)(24). Partial hydrolysis and/or ester exchange for acyl chain of phospholipid by phospholipases could provide biological lipid membranes with heterogeneity in hydrophobic domains and might be a candidate offering a membrane signal to the DnaA protein.…”

“…Most studies concerning the interaction between lipids and DnaA protein have focused less on the unique property of mixed membrane and more on single component amphiphilic assemblage. When the numbers of hydrophobic chains are different among the bilayer-forming lipids, there is usually a tendency to take place a phase separation (cluster formation) in mixed membranes (21)(22)(23)(24). This phase separation phenomena is a fundamental and unique property of mixed membranes.…”

“…Through synthesis and characterization of hundreds of non-natural bilayer-forming lipids, we prepared a molecular design for bilayer assemblage, including the regulation of phase separation (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). A combination of a single-chained lipid containing azobenzene and glutamate-based double-chained amphiphile makes available a systematic mixed membrane system in which the cluster formation is controlled (21)(22)(23)(24). Furthermore, the glutamate dialkyl lipids have actually been used for modifying the nature of aqueous proteins such as myoglobin and cytochrome c (31)(32)(33).…”

Spontaneous vesicle formation and vesicle–tubular microstructure transition in aqueous solution of a poly-tailed cationic and anionic surfactants mixture

“…), liquid crystals (lamellar, hexagonal, cubic), and vesicles (unilamellar, multilamellar). Among them, vesicles are valuable in biomembrane simulations [1], drug delivery [2,3], and synthesis of nanoparticles and as microreactors [4,5]. Two kinds of methods are involved in vesicle formation.…”