Interactions of the Immune System and the Epididymis

Serre, Valérie; Robaire, Bernard

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0679-9_12

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…In accordance with the protective role of the excurrent ducts, immune cells have been identified in the epididymis of numerous species, including rodents and human (Nashan, et al, 1989, Pollanen and Cooper, 1994, Robaire and Hermo, 1988, Robaire, et al, 2006, Serre and Robaire, 2002). Previously, the predominant populations of cells were identified as intraepithelial lymphocytes (often referred to as “halo cells”) and macrophages.…”

Section: Are Macrophages and Dendritic Cells The Sentinels Of The Epimentioning

confidence: 87%

Macrophages and dendritic cells in the post-testicular environment

Silva

Barton

2015

Cell Tissue Res

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Macrophages (Mϕ) and dendritic cells (DCs) are heterogeneous families of functionally and developmentally related immune cells that play crucial roles in tissue homeostasis and regulation of immune responses. In the past 5 years, immunologists have generated a considerable amount of data that challenged dogmas about the ontogeny and functions of these highly versatile cells. The male excurrent duct system plays a critical role in the establishment of fertility by allowing sperm maturation, transport and storage. In addition, it is challenged by pathogens and must establish a protective and tolerogenic environment for a continuous flow of autoantigenic spermatozoa. The post-testicular environment, and particularly the epididymis, contains an intricate network of DCs and Mϕ; however, the immunophysiology of this intriguing and highly specialized mucosal system is poorly understood. This review summarizes the current trends in mouse Mϕ and DC biology and speculates about their roles in the steady state epididymis. Unraveling immune cell functions in the male reproductive tract is an essential prerequisite for the design of innovative strategies aiming at controlling male fertility and treating infertility.

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Section: Are Macrophages and Dendritic Cells The Sentinels Of The Epimentioning

confidence: 87%

Macrophages and dendritic cells in the post-testicular environment

Silva

Barton

2015

Cell Tissue Res

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“…Na cabeça, corpo e cauda do epidídimo há notadamente migração de células imunocompetentes, que normalmente situam-se na base do epitélio e se deslocam para o lúmen (Serre & Robaire 2002). No entanto, fatores que levam ao aumento da prevalência destas células e a resposta imune celular local neste ór-gão, frente à complexidade da resposta imune sistêmica a LVC não são totalmente conhecidos (Hedger & Hales 2006).…”

Section: Quadro 1 Estimativa Para Taxa De Risco (Odds Ratio)* Para Aunclassified

Presença de formas amastigotas de Leishmania chagasi e perfil leucocitário no aparelho reprodutivo de cães

Benites¹,

Fernandes²,

Brum³

et al. 2011

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 31(1): 72-77, janeiro 2011 RESUMO.-A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma zoonose causada pelo protozoário Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi. A leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) é a doença de maior relevância zoonótica. Usualmente, a infecção ocorre entre um hospedeiro invertebrado para um hospedeiro vertebrado, entretanto, a transmissão na ausência do vetor já é conhecida. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi identificar a presença de formas amastigotas, quantificar as células leucocitárias, estimar o risco relativo da presença de formas amastigotas no aparelho reprodutivo de cães sorologicamente positivos com e sem sinais clínicos. Para isso, foram utilizados cães sem raça definida, sexualmente maduros e testados sorologicamente para LVC (com sinais clínicos, n=25; sem sinais clínicos, n=25), que após eutanásia, tiveram fragmentos de testículo, epidídimo (cabeça, corpo e cauda) e glândula prostática (selecionados Canine visceral leishmaniasis (VLC) is most important. The infection occurs usually betweenthe invertebrate host and vertebrate host; however, transmission in the absence of the vector has been reported. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of amastigote forms, quantify the leucocyte cells and to estimate the presence (odds ratio) of the amastigotes in the reproductive tract of dogs serologically positive with and without clinical signs. Sexually mature Mongrel dogs, serologically tested to VLC (symptomatic, n=25; asymptomatic, n=25), were used. After euthanasia, testes, epidydimal (caput, corpus and cauda) and prostate gland fragments (randomized) were recovered and impressed on slides. Twenty animals serologically negative and asymptomatic were used as control group. Samples of spleen were included as parasitological positive controls. Lymphocyte percentages were higher (P<0.05) in the corpus and caudal region of epididymis, similar to the testes in the symptomatic group. Macrophage percentage was higher (P<0.05) in the corpus and caudal epididymis regions. The presence of amastigote forms was associated with different regions of the reproductive tract. In the symptomatic group, the variation was between 0.50 and 0.80, and in the symptomatic between 0.79 and 0.95. The odds ratio for amastigote forms in the testicle of the symptomatic dogs was 6.5 in relation to asymptomatic dogs. The results demonstrate the epidemic potential of venereal transmission of the disease, specifically in areas where control programs of VLC do not consider this transmission route.

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“…The approach described in this article was based on the testable presumption that the epididymis, being an epithelial tube filled with immunologically foreign objects, must be balanced between tolerance and activation. There is strong biochemical evidence for such a dynamic balance in the epididymis (e.g., Jrad‐Lamine et al., ), and the presence of numerous cells of immune‐system origin within the epithelium is consistent with this view (Flickinger et al., ; Hermo and Robaire, ; Serre and Robaire, ; Verajankorva et al., ; Da Silva, ). This includes cells that stain for molecules found only in T lymphocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Primary Cell Cultures for Understanding Rat Epididymal Inflammation

Chapin

Winton

Nowland

et al. 2014

Birth Defects Research Pt B

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Treatment-induced epididymal inflammation and granuloma formation is only an occasional problem in preclinical drug development, but it can effectively terminate the development of that candidate molecule. Screening for backup molecules without that toxicity must be performed in animals (generally rats) that requires at least 2 to 3 weeks of in vivo exposure, a great deal of specially synthesized candidate compound, and histologic examination of the target tissues. We instead hypothesized that these treatments induced proinflammatory gene expression, and so used mixed-cell cultures from the rat epididymal tubule to monitor the induction of proinflammatory cytokines. Cells were exposed for 24 hr and then cytotoxicity was evaluated with the MTS assay and mRNA levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and growth-related oncogene (GRO) were measured. We found that compounds that were more toxic in vivo stimulated a greater induction of IL-6 and GRO mRNA levels in vitro. By relating effective concentrations in vitro with the predicted C(eff), we could rank compounds by their propensity to induce inflammation in rats in vivo. This method allowed the identification of several compounds with very low inflammatory induction in vitro. When tested in rats, the compounds produced small degrees of inflammation at an acceptable margin (approximately 20×), and have progressed into further development.

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Interactions of the Immune System and the Epididymis

Cited by 12 publications

References 74 publications

Macrophages and dendritic cells in the post-testicular environment

Macrophages and dendritic cells in the post-testicular environment

Presença de formas amastigotas de Leishmania chagasi e perfil leucocitário no aparelho reprodutivo de cães

Primary Cell Cultures for Understanding Rat Epididymal Inflammation

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