Interactions of two idiobiont parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)

Lacey, Lawrence A.; Unruh, Thomas R.; Headrick, Heather L.

doi:10.1016/s0022-2011(03)00102-2

Cited by 35 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In addition to competing for weevil hosts, B. hylobii and entomopathogenic nematodes are themselves in a potential host-parasite relationship (Georgis and Hague, 1982;Powell and Webster, 2004;Lacey et al, 2003). In the laboratory, developing B. hylobii are highly susceptible to EPN up until the time that the cocoon is spun (Everard, Griffin and Dillon, unpublished).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is unlikely, as female B. hylobii will not oviposit on insects that have been killed by EPN, and tend to avoid ones that have been recently infected but have not yet died (Everard, Griffin and Dillon, unpublished). Such avoidance of oviposition on insect hosts infected with EPN is adaptive for the parasitoid and enhances the complementary effect of EPN for pest suppression (Lacey et al, 2003), since parasitoids may ''mop up'' weevils that are not hit by nematodes. Although there is evidence of competition between EPN and B. hylobii at Annalecka, this was not a general feature across all three sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evict or infect? Managing populations of the large pine weevil, Hylobius abietis, using a bottom–up and top–down approach

Dillon¹,

Moore²,

Downes³

et al. 2008

Forest Ecology and Management

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Hylobius abietis is the most important pest of replanted coniferous sites in Northern Europe, where feeding by adult weevils can result in up to 100% mortality of seedlings. Field trials were conducted with the aim of reducing H. abietis populations developing in Sitka spruce stumps by increasing pressure from natural enemies (top-down pressure), and reducing the quality of stumps for development (bottom-up pressure). Topdown pressure was applied through inundative treatment of stumps with entomopathogenic nematodes (Heterorhabditis downesi or Steinernema carpocapsae). Bottom-up pressure was applied by treating stumps with the wood colonising fungus Trichoderma koningii. Natural levels of parasitism of H. abietis by the parasitoid Bracon hylobii and the effect of applied agents on B. hylobii were also investigated. Heterorhabditis downesi parasitised more immature weevils than S. carpocapsae, and significantly reduced numbers of adults emerging from stumps compared to controls. Entomopathogenic nematodes did not significantly impact on populations of B. hylobii, and over three sites the effects of both agents were additive. Stumps modified by application of the fungus (bottom-up pressure) did not have fewer H. abietis developing in, or emerging from them; however, development of H. abietis was more advanced in these stumps, and the success of natural enemies was differentially affected. T. koningii facilitated B. hylobii while having the opposite effect on entomopathogenic nematodes, suggesting that it affected the outcome of competition between the nematodes and the parasitoid. #

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evict or infect? Managing populations of the large pine weevil, Hylobius abietis, using a bottom–up and top–down approach

Dillon¹,

Moore²,

Downes³

et al. 2008

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…Entomopathogenic nematodes are known to have an adverse effect on the development of some parasitoids (e.g., Head et al 2003; Lacey et al 2003). When the nematodes Heterohabditis downesi were applied to the gregarious ectoparasitoid B. hylobii , which feeds on larvae of the weevil Hylobius abietis , the nematodes parasitized the parasitoid larvae, and there was a reduction in parasitoid cocoon formation and fewer cocoons that were enclosed (Everard et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of the Koinobiont ParasitoidMicroplitis rufiventrisof the Cotton Leafworm,Spodoptera littoralis, with Two Entomopathogenic Rhabditids,Heterorhabditis bacteriophoraandSteinernema carpocapsae

Atwa

Hegazi

Khafagi³

et al. 2013

Journal of Insect Science

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Entomopathogenic nematodes are generally considered beneficial organisms. However, they can affect beneficial insects such as parasitoids. The interaction between the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) and Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, and the parasitoid Microplitis rufiventris Kokujev (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was investigated in the laboratory. In non-parasitized hosts, Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae exposed to H. bacteriophora showed a higher percent mortality than those exposed to S. carpocapsae. Both nematodes were able to invade and propagate in non-parasitized S. littoralis larvae and those parasitized by M. rufiventris. Both nematode species reproduced in Microplitis-parasitized hosts, but there was a higher number of nematodes in non-parasitized larvae. S. carpocapsae yielded higher numbers of infective juveniles than H. bacteriophora. Generally, the number of nematodes harvested increased as their host's size increased. The interaction between the nematodes and parasitoid favored the nematodes when the nematodes were inoculated during the parasitoid egg stage or the young parasitoid larvae, thus giving the nematodes a better chance to grow and reproduce, resulting in the death of the parasitoid larvae. Conversely, when the nematodes were inoculated during the late larval instar of the parasitoid, the competition partially favored the wasp, thus giving approximately 50% of the wasps a better chance to develop, emerge, and reproduce, providing evidence that both nematodes and wasps could reproduce in the same host. Egg maturation of female wasps derived from nematode-infected hosts was not significantly different than those from control hosts. The combined application of nematodes and parasitoids may be beneficial if the detrimental effects of the nematodes on the parasitoid could be avoided by precisely timing the application strategies. It is clear that Microplitis larvae and the nematodes share the host larva and engage in a trophic interaction with each other. Intraguild predation is briefly discussed.

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“…EPN compete with parasitoids for hosts or attack and kill susceptible stages of parasitoid, an example of intraguild predation (Rosenheim, Kaya, Ehler, Marois, & Jaffee, 1995). Ectoparasitoids are susceptible to nematode infection throughout larval development, but frequently become inaccessible at cocoon stage (Everard, Griffin, & Dillon, 2009;Lacey, Unruh, & Headrick, 2003), while endoparasitoids are susceptible for a shorter period, between emerging from the host and completing the cocoon (Kaya, 1978;Kaya & Hotchkin, 1981;Shannag & Capinera, 2000). In addition, parasitoid death due to premature nematode-induced host death has been reported in several laboratory studies.…”

Section: Competitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to killing individual parasitoids, nematodes might negatively impact on parasitoid populations if the female parasitoid lays her eggs on nematode-infected weevils where they are unable to complete their development. However, female parasitoids tend to avoid hosts that have been infected by EPN (Everard et al, 2009;Lacey et al, 2003;Sher, Parrella, & Kaya, 2000). Females of two ichneumonid species detected and avoided codling moth larvae as little as 12 h after treatment of the host with IJs (Lacey et al).…”

Section: Competitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviour and Population Dynamics of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Following Application

Griffin

2015

Nematode Pathogenesis of Insects and Other Pests

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Interactions of two idiobiont parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)

Cited by 35 publications

References 21 publications

Evict or infect? Managing populations of the large pine weevil, Hylobius abietis, using a bottom–up and top–down approach

Evict or infect? Managing populations of the large pine weevil, Hylobius abietis, using a bottom–up and top–down approach

Interaction of the Koinobiont ParasitoidMicroplitis rufiventrisof the Cotton Leafworm,Spodoptera littoralis, with Two Entomopathogenic Rhabditids,Heterorhabditis bacteriophoraandSteinernema carpocapsae

Behaviour and Population Dynamics of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Following Application

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