Interactive effects of biochar ageing in soils related to feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, and historic charcoal production

Heitkötter, Julian; Marschner, Bernd

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.01.012

Cited by 148 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The BCS material is already highly recalcitrant, producing a biochar with lower ash content, lower nutrient diversity and greater surface area [47]. We can also infer that BPM pyrolysed at 650˚C is more efficient in GHGs mitigation, since this procedure will increase surface area, ash content and stability of the biochar [48] and [49], reducing, CO 2 emissions, mostly at higher applied rates. In a study with biochar from sugar cane straw, [50] observed an 80% loss of N from the material, using a pyrolysis temperature of 750˚C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Tropical Soils Amended with Poultry Manure and Sugar Cane Straw Biochars

Novais¹,

Zenero²,

Frade³

et al. 2017

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Increases in greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, upon changes in land use and agricultural management, lead to a search for techniques that enhance carbon residence time in soil. Pyrolysis increases the recalcitrance of organic materials and enhances their activities as physical, chemical and biological soil conditioners. Emissions of CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O quantified from a sandy soil that was treated with three rates (12.5, 25 e 50 Mg•ha −1 ) of either non-pyrolysed poultry manure and sugarcane straw or biochars, pyrolysed at two contrasting temperatures (350˚C and 650˚C). Subsequently, the flux of the three gases was converted and compared in a standard unit (CO 2 eq). The added biochars, significantly reduced GHG emissions, especially CO 2 , relative to the non-pyrolysed materials. The greatest differences between applied rates of poultry manure, relative sugarcane straw, both to biochar and raw material, and the positive response to the increase of pyrolysis temperture, confirm the importance of raw material choice for biochar production, with recalcitrance being an important initial characteristic. Greater emissions occurred with intermediate rate of biochars (25 Mg•ha −1 ) amendment to the soil. These intermediate rates had higher microbial biomass, provided by an intermediate C/N ratio derived from the original soil and the biochar, promoting combined levels of labile C and oxygen availability, leading to an optimal environment for microbiota.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Tropical Soils Amended with Poultry Manure and Sugar Cane Straw Biochars

Novais¹,

Zenero²,

Frade³

et al. 2017

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“…The CEC depends mainly on: the content and properties of volatile matter for low carbonized biochar (Mukherjee et al, 2011), however due to the lability of this fraction, this effect is probably transient; the cooling of biochar with O 2 supply can oxidize it, generating carboxylic functionalities (Spokas et al, 2012); the aging of biochar also generates these functionalities (Cheng et al, 2006;Novotny et al, 2007Novotny et al, , 2009Heitkötter and Marschner, 2015). On the other hand, the anionic exchange capacity decreases with aging (Cheng et al, 2008); d. Sorption of nutrients and heavy metals (Beesley et al, 2011;Kookana et al, 2011;Melo et al, 2013): the adsorption of hard Lewis acids (e.g.…”

Section: Important Environmental and Agronomic Properties Of Biocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar: Pyrogenic Carbon for Agricultural Use - A Critical Review

Novotny

Maia

Carvalho

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

175

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Biochar (carbonized biomass for agricultural use) has been used worldwide as soil amendment and is a technology of particular interest for Brazil, since its "inspiration" is from the historical Terra Preta de Índios (Amazon Dark Earth), and also because Brazil is the world's largest charcoal producer, generating enormous residue quantities in form of fine charcoal and due to the availability of different residual biomasses, mainly from agroindustry (e.g., sugar-cane bagasse; wood and paper-mill wastes; residues from biofuel industries; sewage sludge etc), that can be used for biochar production, making Brazil a key actor in the international scenario in terms of biochar research and utilization). In the last decade, numerous studies on biochar have been carried out and now a vast literature, and excellent reviews, are available. The objective of this paper is therefore to deliver a critical review with some highlights on biochar research, rather than an exhaustive bibliographic review. To this end, some key points considered critical and relevant were selected and the pertinent literature "condensed", with a view to guide future research, rather than analyze trends of the past.

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“…Future work should include long-term field experimentation, exploration of soils around historic kiln sites (e.g. Borchard et al 2014;Heitkötter, Marschner 2015) and artificial ageing methodologies that integrate physical, chemical and biological soil processes, as well as soil management.…”

Section: Soil Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochars in Soils: Towards the Required Level of Scientific Understanding

Tammeorg

Bastos

Jeffery

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management

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Key priorities in biochar research for future guidance of sustainable policy development have been identified by expert assessment within the COST Action TD1107. The current level of scientific understanding (LOSU) regarding the consequences of biochar application to soil were explored. Five broad thematic areas of biochar research were addressed: soil biodiversity and ecotoxicology, soil organic matter and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, soil physical properties, nutrient cycles and crop production, and soil remediation. The highest future research priorities regarding biochar’s effects in soils were: functional redundancy within soil microbial communities, bioavailability of biochar’s contaminants to soil biota, soil organic matter stability, GHG emissions, soil formation, soil hydrology, nutrient cycling due to microbial priming as well as altered rhizosphere ecology, and soil ph buffering capacity. Methodological and other constraints to achieve the required LOSU are discussed and options for efficient progress of biochar research and sustainable application to soil are presented.

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Interactive effects of biochar ageing in soils related to feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, and historic charcoal production

Cited by 148 publications

References 58 publications

Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Tropical Soils Amended with Poultry Manure and Sugar Cane Straw Biochars

Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Tropical Soils Amended with Poultry Manure and Sugar Cane Straw Biochars

Biochar: Pyrogenic Carbon for Agricultural Use - A Critical Review

Biochars in Soils: Towards the Required Level of Scientific Understanding

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