Interactive effects of the probability of the cue and the probability of the outcome on the overestimation of null contingency

Blanco, Fernando; Matute, Helena; Vadillo, Miguel A.

doi:10.3758/s13420-013-0108-8

Cited by 60 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Elucidation of the illusion of control that emphasizes the role of coincidences between behavior and environmental changes is an important step toward providing a basic background for understanding behavioral and learning mechanisms that are related to the origins of false beliefs (Blanco, 2017;Blanco et al, 2009Blanco et al, , 2011Blanco et al, , 2012Blanco et al, , 2013Matute, 1996;Matute et al, 2007). The present data support this approach to better understand the general notion of the illusion of control.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…This position is strongly supported by accumulating evidence that higher levels of activity of one participant are positively correlated with higher estimates of control in the context of noncontingent outcomes (Blanco & Matute, 2015;Blanco, Matute, & Vadillo, 2009Matute, Vadillo, Vegas, & Blanco, 2007). Additionally, a high probability of outcomes is also correlated with the overestimation of personal control (Blanco, Matute, & Vadillo, 2013;Moreno-Fernández, Blanco, & Matute, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Behavior and illusions: a model to study superstition in a participant replacement experiment

Benvenuti

Toledo

Velasco

et al. 2018

Psicol. Refl. Crít.

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The notion of superstitious behavior can provide a basic background for understanding such notions as illusions and beliefs. The present study investigated the social mechanism of the transmission of superstitious behavior in an experiment that utilized participant replacement. The sample was composed of a total of 38 participants. Participants performed a task on a computer: they could click a colored rectangle using the mouse. When the rectangle was in a particular color, the participants received points independently of their behavior (variable time schedule). When the color of the rectangle was changed, no points were presented (extinction). Under an Individual Exposure condition, ten participants worked alone on the task. Other participants were exposed to the same experimental task under a Social Exposure condition, in which each participant first learned by observation and then worked on the task in a participant replacement (chain) procedure. The first participant in each chain in the Social Exposure condition was a confederate who worked on the task "superstitiously," clicking the rectangle when points were presented. Superstitious responding was transmitted because of the behavior of the confederate. This also influenced estimates of personal control. These findings suggest that social learning can facilitate the acquisition and maintenance of superstitious behavior and the illusion of control. Our data also suggest that superstitious behavior and the illusion of control may involve similar learning principles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Behavior and illusions: a model to study superstition in a participant replacement experiment

Benvenuti

Toledo

Velasco

et al. 2018

Psicol. Refl. Crít.

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show abstract

“…Most importantly for our present purposes, illusion of control effects have already been replicated both in the laboratory and through the Internet using associative learning procedures similar to the one we are using here (e.g., Matute et al, 2007; Blanco et al, 2013). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Another variable that is known to affect this illusion is the probability of responding (or, more generally, the probability with which the potential cause occurs; e.g., Allan and Jenkins, 1983; Matute, 1996; Wasserman et al, 1996; Perales et al, 2005; Hannah and Beneteau, 2009; Matute et al, 2011; Vadillo et al, 2011). The higher these two probabilities, the higher the probability that coincidences will occur between the potential cause and the outcome, and thus, the higher the probability than an illusion of control will develop (see Blanco et al, 2011, 2013; Hannah and Beneteau, 2009). …”

Section: Contingency Learning and The Illusion Of Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological gamblers are more vulnerable to the illusion of control in a standard associative learning task

Orgaz¹,

Estévez²,

Matute³

2013

Front. Psychol.

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An illusion of control is said to occur when a person believes that he or she controls an outcome that is uncontrollable. Pathological gambling has often been related to an illusion of control, but the assessment of the illusion has generally used introspective methods in domain-specific (i.e., gambling) situations. The illusion of control of pathological gamblers, however, could be a more general problem, affecting other aspects of their daily life. Thus, we tested them using a standard associative learning task which is known to produce illusions of control in most people under certain conditions. The results showed that the illusion was significantly stronger in pathological gamblers than in a control undiagnosed sample. This suggests (1) that the experimental tasks used in basic associative learning research could be used to detect illusions of control in gamblers in a more indirect way, as compared to introspective and domain-specific questionnaires; and (2), that in addition to gambling-specific problems, pathological gamblers may have a higher-than-normal illusion of control in their daily life.

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“…Por ejemplo, la tradición asociacionista, encarnada en el conductismo y el conexionismo, da prioridad a la sucesión regular de eventos y el descubrimiento de la contingencia potencial que existe entre tales elementos (Musca, Vadillo, Blanco, & Matute, 2008). El punto clave aquí es que la comprensión causal emerge de procesos más básicos, como el de la detección de la regularidad estadística (Blanco et al, 2013). De otro lado, la idea de Piaget (1929) de la causación como agencia (e. g., capacidad para ejercer control sobre los eventos del entorno a partir de la propia acción) convierte a la entrevista en la técnica privilegiada para indagar si los niños se consideran o no agentes causales de fenómenos cotidianos, como la sucesión de día y noche.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

desarrollo y el aprendizaje del razonamiento causal: análisis de una tensión aparente

Jiménez-Leal¹,

Gaviria

2014

Univ Psychol

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r e s u m e n Como otras habilidades cognitivas, la capacidad de razonar causalmente cambia a través del ciclo vital. Sin embargo, no existe un acuerdo acerca de cómo ocurre su desarrollo. En este texto, se propone un análisis teórico particular para entender este proceso, a saber, la idea de que el razonamiento causal es una habilidad de dominio general que se va enriqueciendo con el refinamiento de habilidades metacognitivas que permiten desligar el razonamiento del contexto inmediato. Esta propuesta se basa en el análisis de evidencia de razonamiento causal en niños pequeños, así como de la integración de estas habilidades durante la adolescencia temprana, con procesos de argumentación y explicación. Se señalan además algunas diferencias metodológicas en los estudios con niños y jóvenes.Palabras clave razonamiento causal; causalidad; desarrollo cognitivo a b s t r a C t Like other cognitive skills, the ability to reason causally changes during the course of development from early childhood to adulthood. There is, however, no agreement about how its development occurs. In this paper we propose a theoretical analysis to understand this process, namely, the idea that causal reasoning is a domain-general ability that is gradually enriched by the refinement of metacognitive skills, which allows reasoning independently from the immediate context. This proposal is based on the analysis of evidence of causal reasoning in young children, as well as evidence of integration of these skills during early adolescence with processes of argumentation and explanation. The paper also points out some methodological differences in studies with children and adolescents.

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Interactive effects of the probability of the cue and the probability of the outcome on the overestimation of null contingency

Cited by 60 publications

References 33 publications

Behavior and illusions: a model to study superstition in a participant replacement experiment

Behavior and illusions: a model to study superstition in a participant replacement experiment

Pathological gamblers are more vulnerable to the illusion of control in a standard associative learning task

desarrollo y el aprendizaje del razonamiento causal: análisis de una tensión aparente

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