Interactive Effects of Trait Self-Control and Stress Appraisals on Blood Pressure Responses to a Laboratory Stressor

Abstract

PurposeStress may play a role in explaining part of the conscientiousness-longevity relationship. Conscientiousness (C) is associated with the appraisals of stressors and its lower-order facets have been shown to differentially moderate the experience of stress in daily life. This study investigated whether the lower-order facet, self-control (SC), moderated the relationship between stress appraisals and blood pressure responses to a laboratory stressor.MethodsNinety participants (selected from the upper and lower quartiles for C scores from a sample of 679 participants) were invited to complete the Maastricht Acute Stress Test (MAST). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were assessed throughout the stress task. Stress appraisals were assessed at baseline.ResultsBlood pressure responses to the MAST were similar in participants who scored high and low in SC. However, primary appraisals were negatively associated with BP reactivity and recovery in the high SC group but not in the low SC group. Moreover, SC was found to moderate the relationship between primary appraisals and SBP and DBP reactivity values, such that higher primary appraisals were associated with lower BP reactivity in individuals high in SC but not in those low in SC. In addition, lower SBP recovery values were observed in the high SC group compared to their low SC counterparts.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that SC may influence health status by modifying the relationship between perceived demands and blood pressure. Moreover, having a greater stake in stressors may yield health benefits in the longer term for individuals high in SC.

Sleep and Perceived Stress: An Exploratory Mediation Analysis of the Role of Self-Control and Resilience among University Students

“…Greater self-control in stressful situations favors the inhibition of impulses and the regulation of behavior, thoughts, and acts by decreasing exposure to stressful situations [ 21 , 41 ], fostering more adaptive coping behaviors [ 21 , 25 , 42 ], and improving sleep habits [ 43 ]. It is also associated with healthier physiological responses to stressors [ 26 ], facilitating recovery from stress, and strengthening resilience [ 29 ]. Similarly, the mediating role of self-control is consistent with findings among workers in Germany, in which greater self-control mediated the relationship between quality of sleep the night before and less discomfort, exhaustion, and emotional dissonance [ 28 ].…”

“…Greater self-control is associated with less stress, which can reduce exposure to stressful situations [ 22 , 23 , 24 ] or improve coping responses [ 24 , 25 ]. Similarly, self-control has been implicated in physiological reactivity to stress, as adults with greater self-control have a better response (in blood pressure reactivity and recovery) to stressors [ 26 ]. Sleep also affects one’s self-control.…”