Interactive effects on reaction time of preparatory interval length and preparatory interval frequency.

Baumeister, Alfred A.; Joubert, Charles E.

doi:10.1037/h0028119

Cited by 101 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The notions were confirmed in experiments on ''nonaging foreperiod durations'' where the conditional probability of target onset, given the passage of time, remained constant by manipulating the proportion of trials in the various foreperiod durations, as is explained shortly. The results of these experiments indicate that when foreperiod durations are nonaging, the usual trend for RT reduction with increasing foreperiod duration has been eliminated or even slightly reversed (Baumeister & Jubert, 1969;Naatanen, 1970;Naatanen & Merisalo, 1977;Nickerson & Burnham, 1969).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Specifically, RT was predicted to become shorter by increasing the CTI only when the foreperiod durations are aging, that is, when the CTIs are either mostly long or equally probable. Such a trend was not predicted for the group for whom most CTIs were short, and the foreperiod durations were nonaging (Baumeister & Jubert, 1969;Naatanen, 1970;Naatanen & Merisalo, 1977;Nickerson & Burnham, 1969).…”

Section: Possible Interaction Between the Prediction Of Target Onset mentioning

confidence: 93%

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Component Processes in Task Switching

Meiran

Chorev

Sapir

2000

Cognitive Psychology

550

673

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Participants switched between two randomly ordered, two-choice reaction-time (RT) tasks, where an instructional cue preceded the target stimulus and indicated which task to execute. Task-switching cost dissipated passively while the participants waited for the instructional cue in order to know which task to execute (during the Response-Cue Interval). Switching cost was sharply reduced, but not abolished, when the participants actively prepared for the task switch in response to the instructional cue (during the Cue-Target Interval). The preparation for a task switch has shown not to be a by-product of general preparation by phasic alertness or predicting target onset. It is suggested that task-switching cost has at least three components reflecting (1) the passive dissipation of the previous task set, (2) the preparation of the new task set, and (3) Compared to the wealth of empirical evidence regarding elementary cognitive process, relatively little is known on how these processes are controlled (Logan, 1985;Monsell, 1996). One paradigm to study cognitive control is task switching, in which participants rapidly switch between two or more choice reaction-time (RT) tasks. In most circumstances, switching tasks is associated with a sizable decrement in performance (called switching cost)

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Possible Interaction Between the Prediction Of Target Onset mentioning

confidence: 93%

Component Processes in Task Switching

Meiran

Chorev

Sapir

2000

Cognitive Psychology

550

673

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This was done by simply switching the proportions of trials with the first and last foreperiods, creating a foreperiod distribution called accelerated aging (Baumeister & Joubert, 1969). The total number of trials remained the same as in Experiment 1, but now instead of having equal, 50 % chances for the target to appear in each of the foreperiods, the probability for the target to appear in the first, 100-ms foreperiod was 12.5 % (64 out of the total 512 trials; see also the calculation of probabilities in the "Accelerated Aging" column of Table 1); the probability for target appearance in the second, 500-ms foreperiod was 28.6 % (128 out of the remaining 448 possible trials); and the probability for appearance in the final, 900-ms foreperiod was 80 % (256 trials out of the remaining 320 trials).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction between alerting and executive control: Dissociating phasic arousal and temporal expectancy

Weinbach

Henik

2013

Atten Percept Psychophys

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In recent years, studies have revealed an interaction between two systems of attention-alerting and executive control. Specifically, warning cues increase the influence of cognitive conflict under certain conditions. One of the problems of interpreting this effect is that warning cues can trigger two processes simultaneously-a high arousal state and strategic temporal expectancy. The goal of the present study was to clarify which process underlies the increased congruency effects following a warning event. In two experiments, the influence of warning cues on flanker congruency was examined while controlling for the effects of temporal expectancy and arousal. Experiment 1 revealed a strong effect of warning cues on congruency, even when the warning cues were not temporally predictive. This effect was evident at two short cue-to-target intervals of 100 and 500 ms, but not following a 900-ms interval. Experiment 2 revealed that this effect was not altered even when the warning cues predicted with high certainty that the target would appear at long cue-to-target intervals (e.g., 900 ms). We suggest that the interaction between alerting and executive control reflects the involvement of a subcortical mechanism responsible for increasing arousal.

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“…This constant probability of target appearance throughout the different SOAs makes the cue noninformative as to when the target will appear. In addition to the nonaging condition, we used an accelerated-aging condition, which was the reverse of the nonaging condition (Baumeister & Joubert, 1969). This condition is characterized by an accelerated probability of target appearance as SOA increases.…”

Section: Temporal Information Provided By An Exogenous Cuementioning

confidence: 99%