Interactive influence of sex, stressor timing, and the BclI glucocorticoid receptor polymorphism on stress-induced alterations of long-term memory

Zoladz, Phillip R.; Duffy, Tessa J.; Mosley, Brianne E.; Fiely, Miranda K.; Nagle, Hannah E.; Scharf, Amanda R.; Brown, Callie M.; Earley, McKenna B.; Rorabaugh, Boyd R.; Dailey, Alison M.

doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2018.05.012

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Some studies (e.g., Schwabe et al 2008 ; Zoladz et al 2018 ) have found that stress enhances recall of stress-irrelevant (i.e., not related) information if that stressor occurs shortly prior to encoding, which differs from our results. Some notable factors may explain this difference.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The above theories suggest that both the stress relevance of information and the stress-encoding delay should dictate whether stress enhances or impairs memory encoding. In support of this, the existing literature suggests that stress can lead to better memory encoding for stress-relevant than stress-irrelevant materials ( Smeets et al 2009 ; Wiemers et al 2013 ; Wolf 2018 ; Kalbe et al 2020 ), and that stress enhances memory encoding when the stressor occurs during or immediately prior to encoding compared with when the stressor occurs sometime prior to encoding ( Vogel and Schwabe 2016 ; Shields et al 2017 ; Zoladz et al 2018 ; Goldfarb et al 2019 ). Unfortunately, however, almost all of the studies that have found beneficial effects of stress on the encoding of stress-relevant materials versus stress-irrelevant materials have had very short or even no stress-encoding delay, rather than a relatively long stress-encoding delay ( Wiemers et al 2013 ; though see Smeets et al 2009 ).…”

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confidence: 87%

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Stress and memory encoding: What are the roles of the stress-encoding delay and stress relevance?

2022

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The effects of acute stress on memory encoding are complex. Recent work has suggested that both the delay between stress and encoding and the relevance of the information learned to the stressor may modulate the effects of stress on memory encoding, but the relative contribution of each of these two factors is unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we manipulated (1) acute stress, (2) the delay between stress and encoding, and (3) the relevance of the information learned to the stressor. The results indicated that stress during encoding led to better memory for study materials that were related to the stressor relative to memory for study materials that were unrelated to the stressor. This effect was numerically reduced for materials that were encoded 40 min after stressor onset (23 min after the stressor had ended) compared with items encoded at the time of the stressor, but this difference was not significant. These results suggest that the relevance of the information learned to the stressor may play a particularly important role in the effects of stress on memory encoding, which has important implications for theories of stress and memory.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 87%

Stress and memory encoding: What are the roles of the stress-encoding delay and stress relevance?

2022

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“…Therefore, participants are often stressed before encoding, while encoding occurs during the subsequent cortisol peak (e.g., Wolf, 2012;Zoladz et al, 2014), a situation that is less relevant to eyewitness scenarios. Studies that investigated the subtleties of stress prior to encoding generally suggest that stress immediately before or during encoding enhances memory recognition and recall performance, whereas stress induced before (i.e., 25 min or more) encoding typically impairs memory performance (Joëls et al, 2011;Schwabe et al, 2012;Zoladz et al, 2011Zoladz et al, , 2018. One study examined acute stress effects at encoding on a longer timescale (Vogel & Schwabe, 2016).…”

Section: Methodological Divergence In Research On Encoding Stress and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of acute stress on eyewitness memory: an integrative review for eyewitness researchers

Marr

Sauerland

Otgaar

et al. 2021

Memory

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The eyewitness and fundamental memory research fields have investigated the effects of acute stress at encoding on memory performance for decades yet results often demonstrate contrasting conclusions. In this review, we first summarise findings on the effects of acute encoding stress on memory performance and discuss how these research fields often come to these diverging findings regarding the effects of encoding stress on memory performance. Next, we critically evaluate methodological choices that underpin these discrepancies, emphasising the strengths and limitations of different stress-memory experiments. Specifically, we elaborate on choice of stressors and stimuli, stress manipulation checks, stressor timing, and the interval between encoding and retrieval and discuss how methodological shortcomings in both the eyewitness and fundamental memory fields have limited our understanding of how encoding stress may affect eyewitness memory performance. Finally, we propose several recommendations for researchers interested in this topic, such as confirming stress inductions with physiological measures, implementing sufficient retrieval intervals to isolate the memory phase of interest and using ecologically valid memory paradigms. We conclude that the best progress can be made if researchers are responsive to the methodologies and findings reported in other research fields and encourage collaborations between the different disciplines.

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“…These SNPs are associated with reduced glucocorticoid sensitivity and increased vulnerability to developing PTSD following trauma exposure. Homozygous carriers of the Bcl-1 polymorphism (rs41423247) have been shown to have a higher risk of major depression and PTSD, as well as increased rates of suicide [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. The 9β SNP variation in NR3C1 has also been linked to altered glucocorticoid sensitivity and investigated in relation to PTSD [ 21 ].…”

Section: Catalytic Factors Associated With Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing and Modelling of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Using Molecular and Functional Biomarkers

Skolariki

Vrahatis

Krokidis

et al. 2023

Biology

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex psychological disorder that develops following exposure to traumatic events. PTSD is influenced by catalytic factors such as dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, neurotransmitter imbalances, and oxidative stress. Genetic variations may act as important catalysts, impacting neurochemical signaling, synaptic plasticity, and stress response systems. Understanding the intricate gene networks and their interactions is vital for comprehending the underlying mechanisms of PTSD. Focusing on the catalytic factors of PTSD is essential because they provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of the disorder. By understanding these factors and their interplay, researchers may uncover potential targets for interventions and therapies, leading to more effective and personalized treatments for individuals with PTSD. The aforementioned gene networks, composed of specific genes associated with the disorder, provide a comprehensive view of the molecular pathways and regulatory mechanisms involved in PTSD. Through this study valuable insights into the disorder’s underlying mechanisms and opening avenues for effective treatments, personalized interventions, and the development of biomarkers for early detection and monitoring are provided.

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Interactive influence of sex, stressor timing, and the BclI glucocorticoid receptor polymorphism on stress-induced alterations of long-term memory

Cited by 7 publications

References 77 publications

Stress and memory encoding: What are the roles of the stress-encoding delay and stress relevance?

Stress and memory encoding: What are the roles of the stress-encoding delay and stress relevance?

The effects of acute stress on eyewitness memory: an integrative review for eyewitness researchers

Assessing and Modelling of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Using Molecular and Functional Biomarkers

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